Conda环境下无法安装R包terra的问题求助

我正在MacOS笔记本上配置名为r_env的Conda环境，尝试安装R包terra时持续报错，求助解决方法。

直接安装terra的错误信息 #

执行install.packages('terra')后出现以下错误：

> install.packages('terra')
Installing package into ‘/Users/ft/Library/R/arm64/4.3/library’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/cran/src/contrib/terra_1.7-71.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 836573 bytes (816 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 816 KB

* installing *source* package ‘terra’ ...
** package ‘terra’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
configure: CC: arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang
configure: CXX: arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang++ -std=gnu++17
checking for gdal-config... /opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/bin/gdal-config
checking gdal-config usability... yes
configure: GDAL: 3.8.4
checking GDAL version >= 2.0.1... yes
checking for arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-gcc... arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... yes
checking whether arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang accepts -g... yes
checking for arm64-apple-darwin20.0.0-clang option to enable C11 features... none needed
checking for stdio.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for gdal.h... yes
checking GDAL: linking with --libs only... yes
checking GDAL: /opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/share/gdal/pcs.csv readable... no
checking GDAL: checking whether PROJ is available for linking:... yes
checking GDAL: checking whether PROJ is available for running:... dyld[4535]: Library not loaded: @rpath/libgdal.34.dylib
  Referenced from: <77AD9583-9BF2-33BE-B6AF-B9DE29216B97> /private/var/folders/mg/dbb5s6cn0515h5msqv6clwpr0000gp/T/RtmpPr9ZBY/R.INSTALL107934ca07d1/terra/gdal_proj
  Reason: tried: '/usr/local/lib/libgdal.34.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libgdal.34.dylib' (no such file, not in dyld cache)
./configure: line 3682:  4535 Abort trap: 6           ./gdal_proj
no
configure: error: OGRCoordinateTransformation() does not return a coord.trans: PROJ not available?
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘terra’

当前环境信息 #

R环境详情 #

> sessionInfo()
R version 4.3.3 (2024-02-29)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20.0.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Ventura 13.6.6

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/lib/libblas.3.9.0.dylib 
LAPACK: /opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/lib/liblapack.3.9.0.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

time zone: America/New_York
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_4.3.3 tools_4.3.3   

Conda环境已安装的相关依赖 #

conda list | grep gdal
gdal                      3.8.4           py312h56161e1_0    conda-forge
libgdal                   3.8.4                ha86f356_0    conda-forge

conda list | grep proj
proj                      9.3.1                h93d94ba_0    conda-forge
r-rprojroot               2.0.4             r43hc72bb7e_0    conda-forge

已尝试的解决方法及结果 #

• 指定环境内库路径安装：执行以下命令后仍出现相同错误

  install.packages('terra',configure.args="--with-gdal-lib=/opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/lib/ --with-proj-lib=/opt/anaconda3/envs/r_env/lib/")
  

• 尝试共享库安装：安装进度推进后，在加载阶段报错

  ...
  ** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
  Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘terra’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
   unable to load shared object '/Users/ft/Library/R/arm64/4.3/library/00LOCK-terra/00new/terra/libs/terra.dylib':
    dlopen(/Users/ft/Library/R/arm64/4.3/library/00LOCK-terra/00new/terra/libs/terra.dylib, 0x0006): symbol not found in flat namespace '__Z6Rlog1pd'
  Error: loading failed
  Execution halted
  ERROR: loading failed
  * removing ‘/Users/ft/Library/R/arm64/4.3/library/terra’
  

• 尝试通过Conda安装r-terra：在conda-forge和defaults频道中找不到该包

  conda install terra
  Channels:
   - conda-forge
   - defaults
  Platform: osx-arm64
  Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
  Solving environment: failed
  
  PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:
  
    - terra
  
  Current channels:
  
    - https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge
    - defaults
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Florian U.H. Tornow