Ubuntu系统下Python安装dlib库失败问题求助

你执行pip install dlib时遇到的编译错误如下：

Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib
Building wheel for dlib (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Building wheel for dlib (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [6 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_ext

ERROR: CMake must be installed to build dlib
  
  [end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
Failed to build dlib
ERROR: Could not build wheels for dlib, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

下面是几种可行的解决方法：

• 确认CMake已加入系统环境变量
  用pip install cmake安装的CMake可能未自动添加到系统PATH中。找到Python安装目录下的Scripts文件夹（比如C:\PythonXX\Scripts或~/.local/bin），将该路径添加到系统环境变量的PATH里，重启终端后再执行pip install dlib。

• 安装预编译的dlib包
  跳过编译步骤，直接安装第三方预编译的dlib轮子，执行命令：

  pip install dlib-bin
  

• 安装系统级CMake

  • Windows：下载CMake官方安装包，安装时勾选"Add CMake to the system PATH for all users"选项，完成后重启终端再尝试安装dlib。
  • Linux：使用系统包管理器安装，比如Ubuntu/Debian执行：

    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cmake
    

    CentOS/RHEL执行：

    sudo yum install cmake
    

  • macOS：通过Homebrew安装：

    brew install cmake
    

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Harsh Pathak