M2芯片Mac上执行Rails测试出现段错误求助

环境 #

• M2芯片MacBook
• Ruby 3.1.1（通过rbenv管理）
• Rails项目，依赖ethon-0.16.0、typhoeus-1.4.1

问题现象 #

执行bin/rails test时程序崩溃，需按Ctrl+C退出，错误日志开头如下：

/Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/ethon-0.16.0/lib/ethon/easy/operations.rb:30: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000000110
ruby 3.1.1p18 (2022-02-18 revision 53f5fc4236) [arm64-darwin22]
-- Crash Report log information ----------------------
See Crash Report log file in one of the following locations:
 * ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports
 * /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports
for more details.
Don't forget to include the above Crash Report log file in bug reports.
-- Control frame information ------------------------------------
c:0124 p:---- s:0792 e:000791 CFUNC  :easy_perform
c:0123 p:0014 s:0787 e:000786 METHOD
/Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/ethon-0.16.0/lib/ethon/easy/operations.rb:30
c:0122 p:0020 s:0783 e:000782 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/operations.rb:16
c:0121 p:0025 s:0778 e:000777 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/cacheable.rb:18
c:0120 p:0033 s:0773 e:000772 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/block_connection.rb:31
c:0119 p:0040 s:0769 e:000768 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/stubbable.rb:25
c:0118 p:0019 s:0764 e:000763 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/before.rb:26
c:0117 p:0025 s:0760 e:000759 METHOD /Users/tristan/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/typhoeus-1.4.1/lib/typhoeus/request/actions.rb:38
c:0116 p:0085 s:0754 e:000753 METHOD /Users/tristan/workspace/lakaa/monorepo/backend/app/services/pdf_service.rb:24
c:0115 p:0660 s:0744 e:000743 METHOD /Users/tristan/workspace/lakaa/monorepo/backend/app/actions/reports/build_digest.rb:100

已尝试的方案 #

• 使用sudo运行测试，仍崩溃，报错：

  objc[77684]: +[NSNumber initialize] may have been in progress in another thread when fork() was called. We cannot safely call it or ignore it in the fork() child process. Crashing instead. Set a breakpoint on objc_initializeAfterForkError to debug.
  

• 针对Ethon的崩溃尝试了GitHub上的相关修复方案，但随后出现pg相关崩溃
• 仅运行单个测试文件或小批量测试时无报错，怀疑存在内存泄漏问题

补充信息 #

该测试在GitHub CI和Docker环境中可正常运行

1. 升级Ruby版本 #

Ruby 3.1.x在ARM架构Mac上存在兼容性缺陷，建议升级到3.2.x或3.3.x版本（通过rbenv安装对应版本后重新执行bundle install）。新版本对arm64-darwin的底层支持更完善，能修复不少fork和内存相关问题。

2. 调整Ethon/Typhoeus依赖版本 #

• 尝试升级ethon到最新稳定版（当前为0.17.x），同步升级typhoeus到适配版本，新版本可能已修复ARM架构下的段错误问题。
• 如果升级后仍有问题，可临时替换Typhoeus为Faraday+Net::HTTP组合，避开Ethon的底层C扩展依赖。

3. 解决fork()导致的objc初始化错误 #

运行测试前设置环境变量：

export OBJC_DISABLE_INITIALIZE_FORK_SAFETY=YES

该变量会关闭Objective-C的fork后初始化安全检查，解决sudo运行时的崩溃问题。

4. 排查内存泄漏与测试并行问题 #

• 关闭Rails测试并行模式：在test/test_helper.rb中添加或修改：

  parallelize(workers: 1)
  

  并行测试时多进程共享资源可能触发内存异常，单进程运行可验证是否为并行导致的崩溃。
• 使用memory_profiler工具分析pdf_service.rb和build_digest.rb中的代码，检查是否存在未释放的资源或循环引用导致内存泄漏。

5. 重新编译依赖gem #

ARM架构下部分原生扩展gem可能编译不完整，执行以下命令重新编译所有依赖：

bundle pristine
# 或针对单个gem：
bundle pristine ethon pg

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者TristanB12