Mac下IntelliJ IDEA执行Gradle任务找不到npm的排查求助

环境与问题场景 #

在Mac OS 14.4.1系统中使用IntelliJ IDEA 2024.1（旧版本也存在该问题），项目中build.gradle的相关配置如下：

def buildAssets = tasks.register('buildAssets') {
  ...

  doLast {
    ...
    exec {
      workingDir "$projectDir/assets"
      commandLine 'npm', 'install'
    }
  }
}

执行该任务时出现错误：

Execution failed for task ':buildAssets'.
> A problem occurred starting process 'command 'npm''

* Try:
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
> Get more help at https://help.gradle.org.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':buildAssets'.
    at ...
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.AbstractManagedExecutor$1.run(AbstractManagedExecutor.java:47)
Caused by: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: A problem occurred starting process 'command 'npm''
    at ...
    at org.gradle.process.internal.ExecHandleRunner.run(ExecHandleRunner.java:79)
    ... 2 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "npm" (in directory "/Users/.../my-project/assets"): error=2, No such file or directory
    at net.rubygrapefruit.platform.internal.DefaultProcessLauncher.start(DefaultProcessLauncher.java:25)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory
    ... 8 more

若指定npm的完整路径（Homebrew安装路径/opt/homebrew/bin/npm），任务可正常执行：

def buildAssets = tasks.register('buildAssets') {
  ...

  doLast {
    ...
    exec {
      workingDir "$projectDir/assets"
      commandLine '/opt/homebrew/bin/npm', 'install'
    }
  }
}

需排查用户配置/IDEA配置/项目配置中的哪些位置？

已完成的排查内容 #

终端验证PATH与npm路径 #

在IntelliJ终端中执行以下命令，结果正常：

% which npm
/opt/homebrew/bin/npm

% echo $PATH
/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:...

切换Gradle安装方式 #

将Gradle从项目自带的gradlew切换为本地Homebrew安装的/opt/homebrew/bin/gradle，问题依旧存在。

通用解决方案尝试无效 #

尝试了VonC的所有建议但均无效果，通过断点调试发现ProcessBuilder已获取正确的PATH，但仍报错。怀疑是IntelliJ、Gradle、Java或Mac OS的bug。额外尝试检查/opt/homebrew/bin权限、移除PATH中含空格的文件夹并重启，均无效。

IDE终端直接执行正常 #

在IDEA终端中直接执行npm install可正常运行：

% cd assets 
assets % npm install

up to date, audited 476 packages in 788ms

60 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details

found 0 vulnerabilities
assets % 

npm为符号链接：

% ls -l $(which npm)
lrwxr-xr-x  1 vektor  admin  40 Apr 11 11:33 /opt/homebrew/bin/npm -> /opt/homebrew/Cellar/node/21.7.3/bin/npm

IDEA权限正常，外部独立Java程序可正常运行，brew doctor仅提示部分包已弃用。后续将检查Java/JDK版本，当前对ProcessBuilder执行原生代码阶段的异常存疑。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者vektor