Android WebView加载除google.com外所有URL均崩溃求助

我想在Android应用里嵌入网页，跟着YouTube教程做了个简单应用。用grafanaWebsite.loadUrl("https://google.com/")时能正常加载谷歌页面，但换成其他任意URL（比如https://www.google.com/、http://google.com/），应用启动就崩溃，最终我要加载的是http://192.168.xxx.xxx:3000/，求排查错误。

以下是相关代码和日志：

AndroidManifest.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.example.pvmonitoring">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <application
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.PVMonitoring"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

MainActivity.java #

package com.example.pvmonitoring;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    WebView grafanaWebsite;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        grafanaWebsite = findViewById(R.id.grafanaWebsite);
        grafanaWebsite.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
        grafanaWebsite.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());
        grafanaWebsite.loadUrl("https://www.google.com/");
    }
}

崩溃Logcat输出 #

2024-04-09 15:13:09.832 5963-5963/com.example.pvmonitoring E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.example.pvmonitoring, PID: 5963
    java.lang.SecurityException: Writable dex file '/data/data/com.example.pvmonitoring/code_cache/.overlay/base.apk/classes3.dex' is not allowed.
        at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFileNative(Native Method)
        at dalvik.system.DexFile.openDexFile(DexFile.java:406)
        at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:128)
        at dalvik.system.DexFile.<init>(DexFile.java:101)
        at dalvik.system.DexPathList.loadDexFile(DexPathList.java:438)
        at dalvik.system.DexPathList.makeDexElements(DexPathList.java:387)
        at dalvik.system.DexPathList.<init>(DexPathList.java:166)
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.<init>(BaseDexClassLoader.java:160)
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.<init>(BaseDexClassLoader.java:130)
        at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.<init>(PathClassLoader.java:146)
        at com.android.internal.os.ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(ClassLoaderFactory.java:93)
        at com.android.internal.os.ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(ClassLoaderFactory.java:134)
        at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoader(ApplicationLoaders.java:126)
        at android.app.ApplicationLoaders.getClassLoaderWithSharedLibraries(ApplicationLoaders.java:61)
        at android.app.LoadedApk.createOrUpdateClassLoaderLocked(LoadedApk.java:1051)
        at android.app.LoadedApk.getClassLoader(LoadedApk.java:1143)
        at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:1428)
        at android.app.ContextImpl.createAppContext(ContextImpl.java:3487)
        at android.app.ContextImpl.createAppContext(ContextImpl.java:3479)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:7539)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.-$$Nest$mhandleBindApplication(Unknown Source:0)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2478)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:230)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:319)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:8893)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:608)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1103)

build.gradle (Module) #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    compileSdk 34

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.pvmonitoring"
        minSdk 24
        targetSdk 34
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
}

这个崩溃和你加载的URL无关，是Android系统的Dex文件优化缓存出了问题，按以下步骤修复：

• 清理应用缓存和数据
  打开设备设置 → 应用 → 找到PVMonitoring应用 → 存储 → 点击「清除缓存」和「清除数据」

• 清理Android Studio构建缓存
  在Android Studio菜单栏点击File → Invalidate Caches... → 勾选Invalidate and Restart，重启IDE后重新构建项目

• 禁用Dex优化覆盖（临时方案）
  在AndroidManifest.xml的<application>标签里添加android:useEmbeddedDex="false"，强制系统不使用优化后的Dex覆盖文件：

  <application
      ...
      android:useEmbeddedDex="false"
      ...>
  

• 重启设备
  部分定制ROM的Dex优化策略可能异常，重启设备后再运行应用

完成上述步骤后，再尝试加载目标URLhttp://192.168.xxx.xxx:3000/——你的WebView已经正确开启JavaScript和明文流量支持，只要网络连通正常就能加载。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stijn B