删除Main Storyboard后设置UITabBarController为根控制器时出现找不到故事板错误

我决定纯用UIKit开发项目，因此删除了Main storyboard，也移除了Info.plist中「Storyboard name」和「Main storyboard file base name」的配置，并修改了SceneDelegate。目前单个ViewController可以正常显示，但尝试设置UITabBarController为根控制器时，出现以下错误：

Thread 1: "Could not find a storyboard named 'Main' in bundle NSBundle </Users/[MyDesktopName]/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/[ApplicationName]/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/[ApplicationName]/BTY.app> (loaded)"

BackgroundViewController（原根控制器） #

import UIKit

class BackgroundViewController: UIViewController {
    
    let backgroundTabBarController = UITabBarController()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        view.backgroundColor = .white
        createTabBar()
    }
}

extension BackgroundViewController {
    private func createTabBar() {
        view.backgroundColor = .white
        view.addSubview(backgroundTabBarController.view)
        
        let firstViewController = BookSearchViewController()
        let secondViewController = MainViewController()
        let thirdViewController = UserStatusViewController()
        let lastViewController = OrderViewController()
        
        firstViewController.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "Search", image: UIImage(systemName: "magnifyingglass.circle.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "magnifyingglass.circle"))
//        firstViewController.tabBarItem.tag = 0
        secondViewController.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "Main", image: UIImage(systemName: "house.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "house"))
//        secondViewController.tabBarItem.tag = 1
        thirdViewController.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "My", image: UIImage(systemName: "person.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "person"))
//        thirdViewController.tabBarItem.tag = 2
        lastViewController.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "Order", image: UIImage(systemName: "menucard.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "menucard"))
//        lastViewController.tabBarItem.tag = 3
        
        backgroundTabBarController.viewControllers = [firstViewController, secondViewController, thirdViewController, lastViewController]
        backgroundTabBarController.selectedViewController = secondViewController
    }
}

SceneDelegate #

import UIKit

class SceneDelegate: UIResponder, UIWindowSceneDelegate {
    
    var window: UIWindow?

    func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
        guard let windowScene = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
        window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        
        window?.rootViewController = BackgroundViewController()
        window?.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}

• 在SceneDelegate中直接创建UITabBarController并设为根控制器
• 创建包含UITabBarController的新UIViewController作为根控制器
• 使用UINavigationController(rootViewController:)包裹视图控制器
• 从其他ViewController中Present UITabBarController

1. 彻底清理Info.plist配置 #

检查并确保Info.plist中所有与storyboard相关的配置项已完全移除：

• 删除Main storyboard file base name键
• 进入Application Scene Manifest -> Scene Configuration -> Default Configuration，删除Storyboard Name键

2. 确保所有子ViewController为纯代码初始化 #

每个自定义ViewController（如BookSearchViewController、MainViewController等）都需要重写初始化方法，避免尝试从storyboard/nib加载：

import UIKit

class MainViewController: UIViewController {
    override init(nibName nibNameOrNil: String?, bundle nibBundleOrNil: Bundle?) {
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
        view.backgroundColor = .white // 初始化视图背景色
    }
    
    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented") // 纯代码开发无需实现该方法
    }
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // 这里添加视图逻辑
    }
}

其他几个子ViewController需要做同样的修改。

3. 直接在SceneDelegate中配置并设置UITabBarController为根控制器 #

无需用额外的BackgroundViewController包裹，直接在SceneDelegate中完成UITabBarController的配置：

import UIKit

class SceneDelegate: UIResponder, UIWindowSceneDelegate {
    
    var window: UIWindow?

    func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
        guard let windowScene = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
        window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        
        // 创建UITabBarController
        let tabBarController = UITabBarController()
        
        // 初始化子控制器
        let searchVC = BookSearchViewController()
        let mainVC = MainViewController()
        let userVC = UserStatusViewController()
        let orderVC = OrderViewController()
        
        // 设置TabBarItem
        searchVC.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "搜索", image: UIImage(systemName: "magnifyingglass.circle.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "magnifyingglass.circle"))
        mainVC.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "首页", image: UIImage(systemName: "house.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "house"))
        userVC.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "我的", image: UIImage(systemName: "person.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "person"))
        orderVC.tabBarItem = UITabBarItem(title: "订单", image: UIImage(systemName: "menucard.fill"), selectedImage: UIImage(systemName: "menucard"))
        
        // 关联子控制器到TabBar
        tabBarController.viewControllers = [searchVC, mainVC, userVC, orderVC]
        tabBarController.selectedViewController = mainVC // 默认选中首页
        
        // 设置为根控制器
        window?.rootViewController = tabBarController
        window?.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}

错误原因分析 #

出现找不到Main storyboard的错误，核心原因是：

• 某个子ViewController在初始化时，默认尝试通过init?(coder:)方法从storyboard加载（比如这些VC之前是在Main.storyboard中创建的，即使删除了storyboard，代码中仍残留了依赖storyboard的初始化逻辑）
• Info.plist中可能还有未清理干净的storyboard配置项

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rolf.J