使用@microsoft/signalr连接WebSocket失败求助

错误信息 #

Error: WebSocket failed to connect. The connection could not be found on the server, either the endpoint may not be a SignalR endpoint, the connection ID is not present on the server, or there is a proxy blocking WebSockets. If you have multiple servers check that sticky sessions are enabled.
    at webSocket.onclose (C:\Webstorm Projects\AccountCreator\node_modules\@microsoft\signalr\dist\cjs\WebSocketTransport.js:110:28)
    at WebSocket.onClose (C:\Webstorm Projects\AccountCreator\node_modules\ws\lib\event-target.js:136:16)
    at WebSocket.emit (node:events:519:28)
    at WebSocket.emitClose (C:\Webstorm Projects\AccountCreator\node_modules\ws\lib\websocket.js:236:12)
    at Object.onceWrapper (node:events:633:28)
    at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28)
    at emitAbortNT (node:_http_client:430:7)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:81:21)

当前代码 #

const signalR = require('@microsoft/signalr');

const connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
    .withUrl('https://realtime-signalr.roblox.com/userhub', {
        transport: signalR.HttpTransportType.WebSockets,
        skipNegotiation: true
    })
    .build().start();

排查方向与解决方法 #

1. 移除强制跳过协商配置 #

Roblox的SignalR Hub需要通过协商步骤获取连接ID等核心信息，直接设置skipNegotiation: true会导致服务器无法识别连接请求，需删除该配置：

const connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
    .withUrl('https://realtime-signalr.roblox.com/userhub')
    .build();

2. 取消强制WebSocket传输 #

强制指定transport: WebSockets会跳过SignalR的自动降级逻辑，若服务器不支持直接WebSocket握手，会直接触发连接失败。建议让客户端自动选择最优传输方式：

// 移除transport配置，由SignalR自动协商传输方式
const connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
    .withUrl('https://realtime-signalr.roblox.com/userhub')
    .build();

3. 补充认证信息 #

Roblox的userhub属于用户关联服务，需要携带合法的会话凭证（如.ROBLOSECURITY Cookie）才能建立连接，未认证会被服务器拒绝：

const connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
    .withUrl('https://realtime-signalr.roblox.com/userhub', {
        headers: {
            'Cookie': '.ROBLOSECURITY=你的Roblox会话Cookie'
        }
    })
    .build();

4. 检查网络与代理限制 #

• 关闭本地代理、防火墙，测试连接是否恢复
• 验证wss://realtime-signalr.roblox.com的443端口是否可访问（可通过telnet realtime-signalr.roblox.com 443测试）

额外排查步骤 #

发送GET请求到https://realtime-signalr.roblox.com/userhub/negotiate，根据响应判断问题：

• 返回401/403：需补充认证信息
• 返回404：确认端点地址是否正确
• 返回含connectionId的JSON：端点正常，问题出在客户端配置

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alfie