Python 3.11下pip安装dedupe失败求助：编译依赖报错

问题背景 #

在PyCharm中使用Python 3.11执行pip install dedupe时安装失败，核心原因是编译依赖包affinegap和doublemetaphone需要Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0或更高版本，具体报错如下：

Building wheels for collected packages: affinegap, doublemetaphone
    Building wheel for affinegap (pyproject.toml) ... error
    error: subprocess-exited-with-error

    × Building wheel for affinegap (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
    │ exit code: 1
    ╰─> [10 lines of output]
        running bdist_wheel
        running build
        running build_py
        creating build
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\affinegap
        copying affinegap\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\affinegap
        running build_ext
        building 'affinegap.affinegap' extension
        error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools":
[end of output]

    note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for affinegap
    Building wheel for doublemetaphone (pyproject.toml) ... error
    error: subprocess-exited-with-error

    × Building wheel for doublemetaphone (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
    │ exit code: 1
    ╰─> [10 lines of output]
        running bdist_wheel
        running build
        running build_py
        creating build
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\doublemetaphone
        copying doublemetaphone\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\doublemetaphone
        running build_ext
        building 'doublemetaphone.doublemetaphone' extension
        error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools":
[end of output]

    note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for doublemetaphone
Failed to build affinegap doublemetaphone
ERROR: Could not build wheels for affinegap, doublemetaphone, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

[notice] A new release of pip available: 22.3.1 -> 24.0
[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

解决方案 #

方案一：安装C++编译工具 #

这是最通用的解决办法，直接补齐编译环境：

• 去微软官网搜索"Microsoft C++ Build Tools"，下载对应安装程序
• 运行安装程序时，勾选**Desktop development with C++**组件（包含MSVC编译器、Windows SDK等必要编译工具）
• 安装完成后重启PyCharm，再次执行pip install dedupe即可

方案二：使用预编译Wheel包（跳过编译步骤） #

如果不想安装编译工具，可以直接用第三方预编译的二进制包：

1. 先升级pip到最新版本：

   python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
   

2. 找到适配Python 3.11、64位系统的affinegap和doublemetaphone的.whl文件（去专门提供Python预编译包的第三方仓库查找，注意匹配版本和系统位数）
3. 先安装本地的预编译包：

   pip install 本地路径\affinegap-xxx-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl
   pip install 本地路径\doublemetaphone-xxx-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl
   

4. 最后执行pip install dedupe，即可完成安装

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pbh