pip安装fontconfig报错：exec调用缺少括号，求替代安装方法

我尝试用pip安装fontconfig包，但遇到了如下报错，请问有没有其他可行的安装方法？

Collecting fontconfig
  Downloading fontconfig-0.1.zip (121 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 122.0/122.0 kB 70.8 kB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [22 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "...\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "...\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "...\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "...\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-gh6zzwr6\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "...\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-gh6zzwr6\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "...\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-gh6zzwr6\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 487, in run_setup
          super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "...\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-gh6zzwr6\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 9
          exec line in glb
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'exec'. Did you mean exec(...)?
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

报错原因 #

你安装的PyPI上的fontconfig包（版本0.1）是基于Python2开发的，不兼容当前使用的Python3.11，导致编译时出现语法错误。

可行的替代安装方式 #

• 安装Python3兼容的替代包
  使用python-fontconfig，这是适配Python3的fontconfig绑定，执行命令：

  pip install python-fontconfig
  

• 先装系统级fontconfig，再配Python绑定

  1. 安装系统层面的fontconfig库：
     • Windows：通过第三方软件包管理器（如Chocolatey）安装，执行choco install fontconfig
     • macOS：用Homebrew安装，执行brew install fontconfig
     • Linux：用系统包管理器安装，比如Ubuntu/Debian执行sudo apt-get install fontconfig libfontconfig1-dev，CentOS/RHEL执行sudo yum install fontconfig fontconfig-devel
  2. 安装完成后，再安装python-fontconfig即可。

• 用conda安装（适用于Anaconda/Miniconda环境）
  conda仓库提供适配Python3的fontconfig包，执行命令：

  conda install -c conda-forge fontconfig
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mostafa a