Flutter项目Kotlin版本不兼容错误求助

问题描述 #

重新启用搁置2年多的Flutter项目，更新Gradle和Kotlin版本后，执行flutter build apk或flutter run --release构建Release版APK或运行时，出现错误：Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0，但调试和Profile模式可正常运行。

已尝试的解决方案 #

• 删除Gradle缓存
• 升级至最新Kotlin版本（1.9.23）
• 降级Kotlin版本至1.6.0
• 执行flutter clean & flutter pub get

项目配置文件 #

build.gradle #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.0'
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.8'
        classpath 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.7.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

gradle.properties #

#Tue Apr 09 12:00:26 IST 2024
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4-bin.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

错误日志 #

e: other files/my-app/arcore_flutter_plugin/.transforms/f39fb4032ea66347d24faef5e111f4d0/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/arcore_flutter_plugin_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: other files/my-app/flutter_email_sender/.transforms/e41ad79431d4394b70406c2bf6b2df42/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/flutter_email_sender_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: other files/my-app/wakelock/.transforms/1113f73603aa5f492fef390312763387/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/wakelock_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: other files/my-app/device_info_plus/.transforms/69b198a981f53349112f410cc8d4b737/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/device_info_plus_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: other files/my-app/hmssdk_flutter/.transforms/328da43348617b35dfa4fe66be05c595/transformed/out/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/hmssdk_flutter_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/f2b1c7a43f771f864943924aeee52fb0/transformed/jetified-play-services-measurement-api-21.5.0/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/java.com.google.android.gmscore.integ.client.measurement_api_measurement_api.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-android/1.7.2/55dc9f2e0c18ef8aa98367599a22d434790848b8/kotlinx-coroutines-android-1.7.2.jar!/META-INF/kotlinx-coroutines-android.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/c4ca1b3e7d97b2fb42620d397b1e4003/transformed/jetified-ads-adservices-java-1.0.0-beta05/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/ads-adservices-java_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/426f3f66e1c58b3bd2e92630e5014b8a/transformed/jetified-ads-adservices-1.0.0-beta05/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/ads-adservices_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.7.2/27cb5db69aeef59d8cc2a2cc2be4200f26091e72/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.7.2.jar!/META-INF/kotlinx-coroutines-core.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-play-services/1.7.2/d8b01823c681c6cfdba6ef76f62d87a2b5d88066/kotlinx-coroutines-play-services-1.7.2.jar!/META-INF/kotlinx-coroutines-play-services.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/4b907693550fdef6661f7bcae153126c/transformed/jetified-core-ktx-1.13.0-alpha01/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/core-ktx_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/269aef7382a10ec574d3e2a34a3e535b/transformed/core-1.13.0-alpha01/jars/classes.jar!/META-INF/core_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.0/8ee15ef0c67dc83d874f412d84378d7f0eb50b63/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.
e: C:/Users/bhara/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.9.0/8ee15ef0c67dc83d874f412d84378d7f0eb50b63/kotlin-stdlib-1.9.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.

修复方案 #

1. 统一子项目Kotlin版本配置 #

问题核心是部分Flutter插件使用高版本Kotlin编译，但主项目未强制子项目使用统一版本。修改根目录build.gradle的subprojects块，添加版本强制配置：

subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')

    // 强制所有Kotlin Android子项目使用统一版本
    plugins.withId('kotlin-android') {
        kotlin {
            jvmToolchain(11) // 匹配Gradle 7.4推荐的JDK版本
            compilerOptions {
                apiVersion = '1.8' // 选择与AGP 7.3.0兼容的中间版本
                languageVersion = '1.8'
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 匹配Gradle、AGP与Kotlin版本兼容性 #

当前AGP 7.3.0兼容Kotlin 1.6.0~1.8.0，若要使用更高版本需升级AGP和Gradle：

• 修改根目录build.gradle：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.22' // AGP 7.3.0支持的最高Kotlin版本
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral() // 替换已停止维护的jcenter
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.1' // 升级到兼容版本
        classpath 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.9.9' // 升级到兼容版本
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

• 若要升级到Kotlin 1.9.x，需将AGP升级到7.4.0+，Gradle升级到7.5+，并更新gradle.properties：

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-bin.zip

3. 彻底清理并重新构建 #

执行以下命令清除所有缓存后重新构建：

flutter clean
rm -rf ~/.gradle/caches # Windows用户手动删除C:\Users\<用户名>\.gradle\caches目录
flutter pub get
flutter build apk --release

4. 升级Flutter插件 #

错误日志中提到的插件（如arcore_flutter_plugin、device_info_plus）可能未适配新环境，检查并升级插件：

flutter pub outdated

将所有可更新的插件升级到最新版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Naveen