执行./gradlew clean build时集成测试出现initializationError问题

在Java Spring Boot项目中使用Testcontainers编写了集成测试，单独在IntelliJ运行测试用例或执行./gradlew integrationTest命令均正常，但执行./gradlew clean build进行清理构建时，出现初始化错误。

异常栈信息 #

IntegrationTest > initializationError FAILED
    java.lang.IllegalStateException at DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:143
        Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException at ConstructorResolver.java:800
            Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException at ConstructorResolver.java:659
                Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException at SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:171
                    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException at BuildInfoFactory.java:47
                        Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException at ClassPathResource.java:211

项目文件结构 #

src
|
|-- main
|-- test
|-- tests-integration
     |
     |-- java
     |-- resources

build.gradle集成测试任务配置 #

sourceSets {
    integrationTest {
        java {
            compileClasspath += main.output + test.output
            runtimeClasspath += main.output + test.output
            srcDir file("src/tests-integration/java")
        }
        resources.srcDir file("src/tests-integration/resources")
    }
}

configurations {
    integrationTestImplementation.extendsFrom testImplementation
    integrationTestRuntimeOnly.extendsFrom testRuntimeOnly
}

task integrationTest(type: Test) {
    useJUnitPlatform()
    environment "APPLICATION_NAME", "{project_name}"
    testClassesDirs = sourceSets.integrationTest.output.classesDirs
    classpath = sourceSets.integrationTest.runtimeClasspath

    mustRunAfter test
    finalizedBy jacocoTestReport
}

integrationTest.configure {
    onlyIf { !project.hasProperty('skipIntegrationTests') }
}
check.dependsOn(integrationTest)

这个错误的核心原因是：执行clean build时，集成测试任务在Spring Boot的buildInfo文件生成前就启动了。Spring Boot的bootBuildInfo任务会生成META-INF/build-info.properties，而你的集成测试启动Spring上下文时需要读取该文件，clean操作会清空之前的构建产物，导致测试运行时找不到这个资源文件。

修复步骤： #

1. 让集成测试任务依赖bootBuildInfo
   在integrationTest任务配置中添加依赖，确保先生成buildInfo文件再执行测试：

   task integrationTest(type: Test) {
       // 保留原有配置
       dependsOn bootBuildInfo
       mustRunAfter bootBuildInfo
   }
   

2. 确保集成测试的classpath包含main的资源输出
   调整sourceSets配置，明确将main的resources输出目录加入integrationTest的runtimeClasspath：

   sourceSets {
       integrationTest {
           java {
               compileClasspath += main.output + test.output
               runtimeClasspath += main.output + test.output
               srcDir file("src/tests-integration/java")
           }
           resources.srcDir file("src/tests-integration/resources")
           // 新增：加入main的资源输出
           runtimeClasspath += sourceSets.main.resources.outputDir
       }
   }
   

3. 验证执行顺序
   执行./gradlew clean build时，Gradle会先执行bootBuildInfo生成所需的配置文件，再运行integrationTest，此时测试就能正常读取到build-info.properties文件了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anmol Aeron