Pywinauto在Windows 11触发MemoryError但Windows 10正常求助

我有一段用pywinauto给指定窗口发送文本和回车键的代码，在Windows 10上运行正常，但在另一台Windows 11机器上触发MemoryError。两台设备都配备32GB内存，搜索相关问题后未找到解决方案。

代码示例 #

import pywinauto
import time

boolBisCheckbox = False
def parar(eachFfox):

    global boolBisCheckbox
    if boolBisCheckbox == False:
        appname = r"\[FIREFOX " + eachFfox + r"\]"
    else:
        appname = r"\[FIREFOX " + eachFfox + r"2\]"
    handle = pywinauto.findwindows.find_window(title_re=appname)
    app = pywinauto.application.Application(backend="win32").connect(handle=handle)
    Wizard = app[appname]
    Wizard.send_keystrokes("parar")
    time.sleep(0.5)     
    Wizard.send_keystrokes("{ENTER}") 
    time.sleep(6) 
    Wizard.send_keystrokes("{ENTER}")
    time.sleep(10) 
    Wizard.send_keystrokes("{ENTER}")
input()
parar("A")

报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\pypy\testParar.py", line 23, in <module>
    parar("A")
  File "C:\pypy\testParar.py", line 12, in parar
    handle = pywinauto.findwindows.find_window(title_re=appname)
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\findwindows.py", line 113, in find_window
    element = find_element(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\findwindows.py", line 84, in find_element
    elements = find_elements(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\findwindows.py", line 283, in find_elements
    elements = [elem for elem in elements if _title_match(elem)]
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\findwindows.py", line 283, in <listcomp>
    elements = [elem for elem in elements if _title_match(elem)]
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\findwindows.py", line 279, in _title_match
    t = w.rich_text
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\win32_element_info.py", line 83, in rich_text
    return handleprops.text(self.handle)
  File "C:\Python\lib\site-packages\pywinauto\handleprops.py", line 92, in text
    buffer_ = create_unicode_buffer(length)
  File "C:\Python\lib\ctypes\_init_.py", line 297, in create_unicode_buffer
    buf = buftype()
MemoryError

从报错栈可以看出，问题出在pywinauto获取窗口文本时，尝试创建的缓冲区长度异常导致内存错误，这是Windows 11下部分窗口（尤其是Firefox）的文本获取逻辑兼容性问题。以下是几种可行的解决方法：

方法1：切换到UIA后端 #

Windows 11对UIA后端的支持更完善，替换win32后端可以避开文本获取的bug：

# 修改connect部分的后端参数
app = pywinauto.application.Application(backend="uia").connect(handle=handle)
# 如果原窗口定位方式失效，改用window方法
Wizard = app.window(title_re=appname)

方法2：绕开pywinauto，用ctypes直接调用Windows API发送输入 #

如果只需要发送按键和文本，不需要获取窗口内容，可以直接通过窗口句柄调用系统API，跳过pywinauto的文本匹配逻辑：

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import time

user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)

# 定义Windows API所需的数据结构
INPUT_KEYBOARD = 1

class KEYBDINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("wVk", wintypes.WORD),
        ("wScan", wintypes.WORD),
        ("dwFlags", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("time", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.LPVOID)
    ]

class INPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("type", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("ki", KEYBDINPUT)
    ]

def send_key(handle, key_code):
    # 激活目标窗口
    user32.SetForegroundWindow(handle)
    time.sleep(0.1)
    # 按下按键
    input_down = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD, ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=key_code, wScan=0, dwFlags=0, time=0, dwExtraInfo=None))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input_down), ctypes.sizeof(INPUT))
    # 释放按键
    input_up = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD, ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=key_code, wScan=0, dwFlags=2, time=0, dwExtraInfo=None))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input_up), ctypes.sizeof(INPUT))

def send_text(handle, text):
    user32.SetForegroundWindow(handle)
    time.sleep(0.1)
    for char in text:
        # 转换字符为虚拟键码（仅支持ASCII字符）
        key_code = ord(char.upper())
        send_key(handle, key_code)
        time.sleep(0.05)

# 修改原函数
boolBisCheckbox = False
def parar(eachFfox):
    global boolBisCheckbox
    if boolBisCheckbox == False:
        appname = r"\[FIREFOX " + eachFfox + r"\]"
    else:
        appname = r"\[FIREFOX " + eachFfox + r"2\]"
    handle = pywinauto.findwindows.find_window(title_re=appname)
    # 直接发送文本和回车
    send_text(handle, "parar")
    time.sleep(0.5)
    send_key(handle, 0x0D)  # Enter键的虚拟键码
    time.sleep(6)
    send_key(handle, 0x0D)
    time.sleep(10)
    send_key(handle, 0x0D)

方法3：升级pywinauto到最新版本 #

pywinauto的新版本可能修复了Windows 11下的兼容性问题，执行升级命令：

pip install --upgrade pywinauto

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者itegumo