Laravel 11中如何注册自定义中间件？

Laravel 11 移除了传统的kernel.php文件，所有中间件注册逻辑都迁移到了bootstrap/app.php中，以下是几种常见的注册方式：

1. 全局中间件 #

全局中间件会作用于所有HTTP请求，注册时在withMiddleware闭包中用append或prepend控制执行顺序：

return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withRouting(
        web: __DIR__.'/../routes/web.php',
        commands: __DIR__.'/../routes/console.php',
        health: '/up',
    )
    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
        // 添加到全局中间件末尾
        $middleware->append(\App\Http\Middleware\YourCustomMiddleware::class);
        
        // 如需优先执行，添加到开头
        // $middleware->prepend(\App\Http\Middleware\PriorityMiddleware::class);
    })
    ->create();

2. 路由别名中间件 #

给中间件设置别名后，能更简洁地在路由中引用，同样在withMiddleware闭包里配置：

->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->alias([
        'auth.custom' => \App\Http\Middleware\CustomAuth::class,
        'log.request' => \App\Http\Middleware\RequestLogger::class,
    ]);
})

注册完成后，可通过别名调用中间件：

Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])->middleware('auth.custom');

3. 直接绑定到路由/路由组 #

不需要全局注册或别名的话，可直接在路由或路由组中指定中间件类：

// 单个路由
Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'show'])->middleware(\App\Http\Middleware\YourCustomMiddleware::class);

// 路由组
Route::middleware([\App\Http\Middleware\YourCustomMiddleware::class])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/posts', [PostController::class, 'index']);
    Route::post('/posts', [PostController::class, 'store']);
});

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Asim Reyazuddin