部署生产环境时出现ObjectStreamClass$Caches类转换异常求助

生产环境部署时出现以下错误，测试环境无此异常：

org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog 175 log - Failed to clear soft references from ObjectStreamClass$Caches for web application [ROOT] java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.io.ObjectStreamClass$Caches$1 cannot be cast to class java.util.Map (java.io.ObjectStreamClass$Caches$1 and java.util.Map are in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap')

完整堆栈信息：

org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog 175 log - Failed to clear soft references from ObjectStreamClass$Caches for web application [ROOT] java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.io.ObjectStreamClass$Caches$1 cannot be cast to class java.util.Map (java.io.ObjectStreamClass$Caches$1 and java.util.Map are in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap')
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.clearCache(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:2207) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.clearReferencesObjectStreamClassCaches(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:2194) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.clearReferences(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1567) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.stop(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1497) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader.stopInternal(WebappLoader.java:442) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5367) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StopChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1445) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StopChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1434) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) [?:?]
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140) [?:?]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1001) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StopChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1445) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StopChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1434) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) [?:?]
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:140) [?:?]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.stopInternal(ContainerBase.java:1001) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal(StandardService.java:474) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.stopInternal(StandardServer.java:791) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:257) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.stop(Tomcat.java:380) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.12.jar!/:9.0.12]
        at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.stopTomcat(TomcatWebServer.java:250) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.stop(TomcatWebServer.java:306) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.stopAndReleaseWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:309) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:143) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1260) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1248) [spring-boot-2.1.0.RELEASE.jar!/:2.1.0.RELEASE]
        at me.zhengjie.AppRun.main(AppRun.java:38) [classes!/:1.5]
        at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
        at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[?:?]
        at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[?:?]
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) ~[?:?]
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.MainMethodRunner.run(MainMethodRunner.java:48) [eladmin-system.jar.202404160913:1.5]
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:87) [eladmin-system.jar.202404160913:1.5]
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:50) [eladmin-system.jar.202404160913:1.5]
        at org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:51) [eladmin-system.jar.202404160913:1.5]

问题原因 #

• JDK与Tomcat版本不兼容：Tomcat 9.0.12清理ObjectStreamClass缓存时，会通过反射将JDK内部的ObjectStreamClass$Caches$1强转为Map，但JDK 9及以上版本中该内部类实现已变更，不再直接实现Map接口，导致强转失败。测试环境大概率使用JDK 8，因此未触发该问题。
• Spring Boot版本过旧：Spring Boot 2.1.0.RELEASE内嵌的Tomcat 9.0.12对JDK 9+的兼容性处理不完善，未修复该反射强转问题。

解决办法 #

• 升级依赖版本：
  • 直接升级Spring Boot到2.1.13.RELEASE及以上版本，该版本内嵌的Tomcat 9.0.40+已修复此兼容问题。
  • 若不想升级Spring Boot，可单独指定Tomcat依赖版本为9.0.40或更高：

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <version>9.0.80</version> <!-- 或其他兼容的高版本 -->
    </dependency>
    

• 统一JDK版本：将生产环境JDK版本降级为JDK 8，与测试环境保持一致，避免版本差异引发兼容问题。
• 临时规避方案（不推荐）：设置系统属性org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.ENABLE_CLEAR_REFERENCES=false，关闭Tomcat缓存清理逻辑，但可能导致内存泄漏风险，仅作为临时过渡方案。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者我就是骚浪贱