如何仅通过CMake自动下载并配置Vulkan SDK至项目？

我正尝试在CMake项目中链接Vulkan，希望仅依靠CMake自动下载Vulkan SDK，不依赖其他工具。我尝试使用FetchContent，但仅下载了Vulkan SDK的头文件；用ExternalProject也只获取了头文件。还未处理dxcompilerd、glslangd、shaderc_combinedd、spirv-cross-cored等组件的下载，请问如何实现无需手动下载，就能让Vulkan SDK适配我的项目？

之前的尝试代码 #

FetchContent尝试的代码 #

include(FetchContent)

set(VULKAN_VER_MAJOR 1)
set(VULKAN_VER_MINOR 3)
set(VULKAN_VER_PATCH 275)

set(VULKAN_VERSION ${VULKAN_VER_MAJOR}.${VULKAN_VER_MINOR}.${VULKAN_VER_PATCH})

FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanheaders
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanloader
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Loader.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanvalidation
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkantools
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Tools.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

set(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL OFF)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanheaders)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanloader)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanvalidation)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkantools)

add_library(myvulkan INTERFACE IMPORTED)
target_include_directories(myvulkan INTERFACE ${vulkan_headers_SOURCE_DIR}/include
    ${vulkan_loader_SOURCE_DIR}/loader
    ${vulkan_validation_layers_SOURCE_DIR}/layers
    ${vulkan_tools_SOURCE_DIR}/vulkaninfo)
target_link_libraries(myvulkan INTERFACE Vulkan::Vulkan)
target_link_libraries(myvulkan INTERFACE 
    Vulkan::Loader
    Vulkan::ValidationLayers
)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable (VulkanTest "VulkanTest.cpp" "VulkanTest.h")

target_link_libraries(VulkanTest PRIVATE myvulkan)

if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.12)
  set_property(TARGET VulkanTest PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
endif()

ExternalProject尝试的代码 #

include(FetchContent)
include(ExternalProject)

set(VULKAN_VER_MAJOR 1)
set(VULKAN_VER_MINOR 3)
set(VULKAN_VER_PATCH 275)

set(VULKAN_VERSION ${VULKAN_VER_MAJOR}.${VULKAN_VER_MINOR}.${VULKAN_VER_PATCH})

ExternalProject_Add(
    vulkan
    PREFIX Vulkan
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
    BUILD_COMMAND ""
    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
    LOG_DOWNLOAD ON
)

ExternalProject_Get_Property(vulkan SOURCE_DIR)
include_directories(${SOURCE_DIR}/include)

add_library(Vulkan INTERFACE)
add_dependencies(Vulkan vulkan)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable (VulkanTest "VulkanTest.cpp" "VulkanTest.h")

target_link_libraries(VulkanTest Vulkan)

if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.12)
  set_property(TARGET VulkanTest PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
endif()

完整解决方案 #

核心问题说明 #

你之前的代码只完成了源码下载，没有触发依赖库的构建流程。Vulkan-Loader、ValidationLayers等都是编译型库，并非仅头文件；而glslang、shaderc等工具链组件也需要单独配置并构建。

可直接使用的CMake脚本 #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
project(VulkanTest)

# 设置Vulkan版本
set(VULKAN_VER_MAJOR 1)
set(VULKAN_VER_MINOR 3)
set(VULKAN_VER_PATCH 275)
set(VULKAN_VERSION ${VULKAN_VER_MAJOR}.${VULKAN_VER_MINOR}.${VULKAN_VER_PATCH})

include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanheaders
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 构建Vulkan-Loader
FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanloader
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Loader.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 构建Validation Layers
FetchContent_Declare(
    vulkanvalidation
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-ValidationLayers.git
    GIT_TAG v${VULKAN_VERSION}
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 构建glslang（Shader编译前端）
FetchContent_Declare(
    glslang
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang.git
    GIT_TAG main
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 构建shaderc（完整Shader编译工具链）
FetchContent_Declare(
    shaderc
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/shaderc.git
    GIT_TAG main
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 构建SPIRV-Cross（SPIR-V转换工具）
FetchContent_Declare(
    spirv_cross
    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Cross.git
    GIT_TAG main
    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
    GIT_PROGRESS TRUE
)

# 禁用不必要的构建目标，加快编译速度
set(BUILD_VULKANINFO OFF CACHE BOOL "")
set(BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "")
set(SHADERC_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "")
set(SPIRV_CROSS_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "")

# 按依赖顺序构建
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanheaders)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanloader)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(vulkanvalidation)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(glslang)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(shaderc)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(spirv_cross)

# 创建项目可执行文件
add_executable(VulkanTest "VulkanTest.cpp" "VulkanTest.h")

# 链接所有必要的Vulkan组件
target_link_libraries(VulkanTest PRIVATE
    Vulkan::Vulkan
    Vulkan::ValidationLayers
    glslang::glslang
    shaderc::shaderc
    spirv-cross-core
)

# 设置C++标准
if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.12)
    set_property(TARGET VulkanTest PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
endif()

关键配置细节 #

• 依赖顺序：必须先构建Vulkan-Headers，因为所有其他组件都依赖它的头文件定义。
• 构建选项控制：通过设置BUILD_TESTS、BUILD_VULKANINFO等选项为OFF，跳过不需要的测试和工具，减少编译时间。
• 使用标准CMake目标：每个组件都会导出官方定义的CMake目标（如Vulkan::Vulkan、glslang::glslang），直接链接这些目标即可自动处理头文件路径和库依赖，无需手动指定。
• 版本匹配：如果需要严格匹配Vulkan SDK版本，可以将glslang、shaderc等组件的GIT_TAG改为对应SDK版本的标签（比如v${VULKAN_VERSION}），避免使用main分支。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Metehan Tunçbilek