PowerShell中运行dotMemory提示“无法附加到进程”问题求助

现象 #

使用JetBrains dotMemory独立命令行版本（2024.1.1）自动化分析进程时，偶发弹出错误：

Unable to attach to the process #mynumber: Make sure it exists and it is a .NET Framework 4.0+/.NET Core 3.0+/.NET 5+ process.

一旦触发该错误，当前PowerShell实例无论重试多少次都失败，必须关闭并重新打开PowerShell窗口才能恢复正常。

复现方式 #

直接执行命令：

.\dotMemory-2024.1.1.exe --log-level=trace attach 14768

（14768为目标进程PID）

通过PowerShell脚本执行也会出现相同问题：

$proc = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process

$proc.StartInfo.FileName = "dotMemory-2024.1.1.exe"
$proc.StartInfo.Arguments = "--log-level=trace attach 14768"
$proc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = $false
$proc.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = $true
$proc.Start()

日志异常信息 #

在%Temp%\2\JetLogs\JetBrainsLog.JetBrains.2024-04-23T12-20-58.dotMemory-2024_1_1#14768.log日志中捕获到以下异常：

--- EXCEPTION #1/2 [FileLoadException]
Message = “Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe, Version=4.0.4.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition does not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040)”
ExceptionPath = Root.InnerException
ClassName = System.IO.FileLoadException
HResult = FUSION_E_REF_DEF_MISMATCH=80131040
Source = System.Memory
FileLoad_FileName = “System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe, Version=4.0.4.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a”
FileLoad_FusionLog = “
  === Pre-bind state information ===
  LOG: DisplayName = System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe, Version=4.0.4.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
   (Fully-specified)
  LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Users/someuser/AppData/Local/Temp/2/JetBrains/dotMemory.exe/Qudorinirexidelu
  LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
  Calling assembly : System.Memory, Version=4.0.1.2, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=cc7b13ffcd2ddd51.
  ===
  LOG: This bind starts in default load context.
  LOG: No application configuration file found.
  LOG: Using host configuration file: 
  LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
  LOG: Post-policy reference: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe, Version=4.0.4.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
  LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/someuser/AppData/Local/Temp/2/JetBrains/dotMemory.exe/Qudorinirexidelu/System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.DLL.
  WRN: Comparing the assembly name resulted in the mismatch: Major Version
  ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80131040). Probing terminated.

疑问 #

日志显示dotMemory加载了Framework64\v4.0.30319，但已知dotMemory需要.NET Framework 4.7.2，怀疑是否因.NET版本不匹配导致问题？

解决方案建议 #

1. 确认.NET Framework 4.7.2安装状态
   打开控制面板的「程序和功能」，查看是否已安装.NET Framework 4.7.2相关更新。若未安装，下载并安装官方包。

2. 添加程序集绑定重定向配置
   在dotMemory可执行文件同目录下创建dotMemory-2024.1.1.exe.config文件，添加以下绑定规则，强制.NET加载正确版本的程序集：

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <configuration>
     <runtime>
       <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
         <dependentAssembly>
           <assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
           <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-6.0.0.0" newVersion="6.0.0.0" />
         </dependentAssembly>
         <dependentAssembly>
           <assemblyIdentity name="System.Memory" publicKeyToken="cc7b13ffcd2ddd51" culture="neutral" />
           <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.1.2" newVersion="4.0.1.2" />
         </dependentAssembly>
       </assemblyBinding>
     </runtime>
   </configuration>
   

   注意：需根据系统中实际存在的System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe版本调整newVersion值。

3. 清理JetBrains临时文件
   删除%Temp%\2\JetBrains\dotMemory.exe下的临时目录，避免缓存的旧版本程序集干扰。

4. 强制PowerShell使用高版本.NET运行
   在PowerShell脚本开头添加以下代码，指定使用高版本.NET Framework：

   $env:COMPLUS_Version = "v4.0.30319"
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者RvdK