Byte Buddy与Mockito类路径不一致及Spring Bean创建异常求助

初始错误信息 #

Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException:
It seems like you are running Mockito with an incomplete or inconsistent class path. Byte Buddy could not be loaded.

依赖树 #

[INFO] +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:jar:5.9.1:test
[INFO] |  +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.9.1:test
[INFO] |  |  +- org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.2.0:test
[INFO] |  |  \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.9.1:test
[INFO] |  +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:jar:5.9.1:test
[INFO] |  \- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.9.1:test
[INFO] +- org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine:jar:5.9.1:test
[INFO] |  +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.9.1:test
[INFO] |  +- junit:junit:jar:4.13.2:test
[INFO] |  |  \- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] |  \- org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.1.2:test
[INFO] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest:jar:2.2:test
[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-inline:jar:4.11.0:test
[INFO] |  \- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:4.11.0:test
[INFO] |     +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.12.19:test
[INFO] |     \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:4.11.0:test
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.3.9:test
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:5.4.32.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.4.1.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- javax.persistence:javax.persistence-api:jar:2.2:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.javassist:javassist:jar:3.27.0-GA:compile
[INFO] |  +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.10.22:compile

Surefire插件配置 #

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.5</version>
</plugin>

临时解决后的新错误 #

添加以下test scope的ByteBuddy依赖后：

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
    <artifactId>byte-buddy</artifactId>
    <version>1.12.19</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
    <artifactId>byte-buddy-agent</artifactId>
    <version>1.12.19</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

出现新错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext-jpa.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: net/bytebuddy/NamingStrategy$SuffixingRandom$BaseNameResolver

EntityManagerFactory配置 #

<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
          class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="myPU" />
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <value>
                hibernate.dialect=${hibernate.dialect}
                hibernate.query.substitutions=${hibernate.substitutions}
                hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache=${hibernate.use.secondLevelCache}
                hibernate.cache.provider_class=${hibernate.cacheProvider.class}
                hibernate.show_sql=${hibernate.cacheProvider.show.sql}
            </value>
        </property>
</bean>

问题根源与解决办法 #

为啥会出这问题 #

核心是ByteBuddy版本不统一：

• Hibernate 5.4.32.Final自带的是byte-buddy:1.10.22（编译依赖，测试运行时也会加载）
• Mockito 4.11.0需要的是byte-buddy:1.12.19（测试依赖，仅测试阶段生效）

手动添加test scope的1.12.19版本后，测试运行时类路径里同时存在两个版本的ByteBuddy。Maven会优先加载路径更近的依赖（这里test依赖优先级更高），导致Hibernate启动时加载了1.12.19版本，但该版本中NamingStrategy$SuffixingRandom$BaseNameResolver类的结构与Hibernate预期的1.10.22版本不兼容，直接抛出找不到类的错误。

两种解决思路 #

思路1：统一使用Mockito需要的ByteBuddy版本

在pom.xml的dependencyManagement中强制所有依赖使用同一ByteBuddy版本（Hibernate 5.4.x兼容1.12.x版本）：

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
            <artifactId>byte-buddy</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.19</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
            <artifactId>byte-buddy-agent</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.19</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

之后删除之前手动添加的两个test scope的ByteBuddy依赖，Mockito和Hibernate会自动使用这个统一版本。

思路2：降级Mockito适配Hibernate的ByteBuddy版本

Mockito 3.x系列兼容ByteBuddy 1.10.x，将Mockito依赖版本改为3.12.4：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
    <version>3.12.4</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <version>3.12.4</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

这种方式无需修改ByteBuddy依赖，直接使用Hibernate自带的1.10.22版本即可。

验证步骤

执行mvn dependency:tree检查ByteBuddy版本是否统一，再运行测试确认问题解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mop