使用std::stacktrace遭遇编译链接错误的解决方法咨询

问题 #

在Fedora 39 Linux系统中使用libstdc的C23特性std::stacktrace时，最简示例出现编译/链接错误：

示例代码：

#include <stacktrace>

int main() {
    (void)to_string( std::stacktrace::current() );
}

Clang编译错误 #

/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:644:3: error: no matching function for call to 'operator delete'
  644 |                 _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE (static_cast<void*>(_M_frames),
      |                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  645 |                                           _M_capacity * sizeof(value_type));
      |                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:599:35: note: expanded from macro '_GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE'
  599 | # define _GLIBCXX_OPERATOR_DELETE __builtin_operator_delete
      |                                   ^
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/new:144:6: note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'unsigned long' to 'const std::nothrow_t' for 2nd argument
  144 | void operator delete(void*, const std::nothrow_t&) _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT
      |      ^                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
...

GCC链接错误 #

/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: /tmp/ccXWeU5s.o: in function `std::stacktrace_entry::_S_init()':
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:164: undefined reference to `__glibcxx_backtrace_create_state'
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: /tmp/ccXWeU5s.o: in function `std::stacktrace_entry::_M_get_info(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>*, int*) const':
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:196: undefined reference to `__glibcxx_backtrace_pcinfo'
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: /opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:206: undefined reference to `__glibcxx_backtrace_syminfo'
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/bin/ld: /tmp/ccXWeU5s.o: in function `std::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<std::stacktrace_entry>>::current(std::allocator<std::stacktrace_entry> const&)':
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-13.2.0/include/c++/13.2.0/stacktrace:259: undefined reference to `__glibcxx_backtrace_simple'

解决方法 #

GCC编译链接的修复 #

GCC编译通过但链接失败，是因为std::stacktrace依赖libstdc的回溯库，需要在链接时显式指定链接libstdc++_backtrace库，同时开启C23支持：

g++ -std=c++23 your_file.cpp -lstdc++_backtrace

Clang编译的修复 #

Clang出现的operator delete匹配错误，根源是Clang不支持GCC的__builtin_operator_delete带大小参数的重载形式，可通过以下两种方式解决：

• 切换到GCC编译：采用上述GCC的编译命令即可正常运行。
• 编译时定义宏：添加-D_GLIBCXX_USE_NO_DELETE_WITH_SIZE宏禁用带大小的delete操作，同时链接libstdc++_backtrace库：

  clang++ -std=c++23 -D_GLIBCXX_USE_NO_DELETE_WITH_SIZE your_file.cpp -lstdc++_backtrace
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fedor