Gnuplot柱状图：添加顺时针旋转90度的柱顶数值标签

需求说明 #

现有Gnuplot脚本生成柱状图，需实现：在每个柱子顶部添加对应高度的数值标签，并将标签顺时针旋转90度以适配布局。

原脚本 #

reset session

$Data <<EOD
"Push-Front"            2344 0x289e37
"Push-Back"             187  0x289e37
"Insert"                1222 0x289e37
"Push-Front-Collection" 519  0x289e37
"Push-Back-Collection"  420  0x289e37
"Insert-Collection"     287  0x289e37
"Search"                191  0x28579e
"Pop-Front"             4939 0xa83232
"Pop-Back"              251  0xa83232
"Delete"                4771 0xa83232
"Delete-Range"          345  0xa83232
EOD

set style line 11 lc rgb 0xeeeeee lt 1 lw 1
set style fill solid 1.0
set boxwidth 0.8
set key noautotitle
set ytics 1000
set grid y ls 11
set tics scale 0
set tics out
set xtics rotate by -45
set terminal svg size 450,300 enhanced font "Times New Roman,12"
set output '..\msc-sandbox\TotalDurationBarPlotArrayList.svg'
set yrange[0:5000]
set ylabel "Milliseconds"
plot $Data u 0:2:3:xtic(1) w boxes lc rgb var#, \
        '' u 1:2:3 w labels offset 0,0.7

修改后的脚本 #

reset session

$Data <<EOD
"Push-Front"            2344 0x289e37
"Push-Back"             187  0x289e37
"Insert"                1222 0x289e37
"Push-Front-Collection" 519  0x289e37
"Push-Back-Collection"  420  0x289e37
"Insert-Collection"     287  0x289e37
"Search"                191  0x28579e
"Pop-Front"             4939 0xa83232
"Pop-Back"              251  0xa83232
"Delete"                4771 0xa83232
"Delete-Range"          345  0xa83232
EOD

set style line 11 lc rgb 0xeeeeee lt 1 lw 1
set style fill solid 1.0
set boxwidth 0.8
set key noautotitle
set ytics 1000
set grid y ls 11
set tics scale 0
set tics out
set xtics rotate by -45
set terminal svg size 450,300 enhanced font "Times New Roman,12"
set output '..\msc-sandbox\TotalDurationBarPlotArrayList.svg'
set yrange[0:5200]  # 扩大y轴范围，避免最高标签超出图表
set ylabel "Milliseconds"
plot $Data u 0:2:3:xtic(1) w boxes lc rgb var, \
        '' u 0:2:(sprintf("%d", $2)) w labels rotate by 90 offset 0.5,1.2

关键改动说明 #

• 移除原plot行末尾的注释符号#，启用标签绘制逻辑
• 调整标签数据列：将u 1:2:3改为u 0:2:(sprintf("%d", $2))，确保标签与柱子x轴位置对齐，正确提取并格式化高度数值
• 添加rotate by 90参数实现标签顺时针旋转90度
• 修改offset 0.5,1.2让标签在柱子顶部居中，且避免遮挡柱子
• 扩大yrange至[0:5200]，防止最高柱子的标签超出图表可视范围

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者coderodde