Spring Boot启动报错：上下文无ServletWebServerFactory Bean

安全阿岳

2026-6-25

Web应用启动失败：上下文未定义org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ServletWebServerFactory Bean

在为Web应用集成安全功能（添加Utilisateur实体、Role实体及对应仓库，配置Spring Security组件包括AuthEntryPoint、AuthTokenFilter、JwtUtils）后，应用无法启动，报错提示上下文未定义org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ServletWebServerFactory Bean。我已在Stack Overflow搜索类似问题，但所有解决方案均无效，现专注排查该特定问题原因，恳请协助。

pom.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.IsoShift</groupId>
    <artifactId>Backend</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Backend</name>
    <description>Backend</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.validation-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.11.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>0.11.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>0.11.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.16.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc11</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>21</source>
                    <target>21</target>
                    <compilerArgs>--enable-preview</compilerArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

主类文件BackendApplication.java

package com.isoshift.backend;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;

@SpringBootApplication
public class BackendApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BackendApplication.class, args);
    }
}

WebSecurityConfig.java

package com.isoshift.backend.security;

import com.isoshift.backend.security.jwt.AuthEntryPointJwt;
import com.isoshift.backend.security.jwt.AuthTokenFilter;
import com.isoshift.backend.security.service.UserDetailsServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.configuration.AuthenticationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableMethodSecurity // Spring Boot 3
public class WebSecurityConfig { 
    @Autowired
    UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;

    @Autowired
    private AuthEntryPointJwt unauthorizedHandler;

    @Bean
    public AuthTokenFilter authenticationJwtTokenFilter() {
        return new AuthTokenFilter();
    }

    @Bean
    public DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider() {
        DaoAuthenticationProvider authProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
        authProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
        authProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
        return authProvider;
    }

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(AuthenticationConfiguration authConfig) throws Exception {
        return authConfig.getAuthenticationManager();
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())
                .exceptionHandling(exception -> exception.authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler))
                .sessionManagement(session -> session.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))
                .authorizeHttpRequests(auth ->
                        auth.requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**").permitAll()
                                .requestMatchers("/api/test/**").permitAll()
                                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                );

        http.authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider());

        http.addFilterBefore(authenticationJwtTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        return http.build();
    }
}

AuthController.java

package com.isoshift.backend.Controleur;

import com.isoshift.backend.payload.request.LoginRequest;
import com.isoshift.backend.payload.request.SignupRequest;
import com.isoshift.backend.payload.response.JwtResponse;
import com.isoshift.backend.payload.response.MessageResponse;
import com.isoshift.backend.Entity.Role;
import com.isoshift.backend.Entity.Utilisateur;
import com.isoshift.backend.Service.Constant.ERole;
import com.isoshift.backend.repository.RoleRepo;
import com.isoshift.backend.repository.UtilisateurRepo;
import com.isoshift.backend.security.jwt.JwtUtils;
import com.isoshift.backend.security.service.UserDetailsImpl;
import jakarta.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    UtilisateurRepo userRepository;

    @Autowired
    RoleRepo roleRepository;

    @Autowired
    PasswordEncoder encoder;

    @Autowired
    JwtUtils jwtUtils;

    @PostMapping("/signin")
    public ResponseEntity<?> authenticateUser(@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(
                new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword()));

        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        String jwt = jwtUtils.generateJwtToken(authentication);

        UserDetailsImpl userDetails = (UserDetailsImpl) authentication.getPrincipal();
        List<String> roles = userDetails.getAuthorities().stream()
                .map(item -> item.getAuthority())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        return ResponseEntity.ok(new JwtResponse(jwt,
                userDetails.getUsername(),
                roles));
    }

    @PostMapping("/signup")
    public ResponseEntity<?> registerUser(@Valid @RequestBody SignupRequest signUpRequest) {
        int matEmpInt = 0;
        try {
            matEmpInt = Integer.parseInt(signUpRequest.getMATEMP());
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (userRepository.existsByMATEMP(matEmpInt)) {
            return ResponseEntity
                    .badRequest()
                    .body(new MessageResponse("Error: Username is already taken!"));
        }

        // Create new user's account
        Utilisateur user = new Utilisateur(matEmpInt,
                encoder.encode((signUpRequest.getNOMEMP() + signUpRequest.getPRNEMP())));

        Set<String> strRoles = signUpRequest.getRole();
        Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

        if (strRoles == null) {
            Role userRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.Role_utilisateur)
                    .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
            roles.add(userRole);
        } else {
            strRoles.forEach(role -> {
                if (role.equals("admin")) {
                    Role adminRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.Role_admin)
                            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
                    roles.add(adminRole);
                } else {
                    Role userRole = roleRepository.findByName(ERole.Role_utilisateur)
                            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Error: Role is not found."));
                    roles.add(userRole);
                }
            });
        }

        user.setRoles(roles);
        userRepository.save(user);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(new MessageResponse("User registered successfully!"));
    }
}

问题排查与解决方案

添加Web核心依赖
pom.xml中缺失spring-boot-starter-web依赖，这是Spring Boot Web应用的核心依赖，包含ServletWebServerFactory的自动配置逻辑。添加以下依赖到<dependencies>块：
```
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
```

统一Java版本配置
pom.xml中<java.version>设为17，但maven-compiler-plugin的source/target设为21，版本不匹配会导致类加载异常。修改插件配置统一版本：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <source>${java.version}</source>
        <target>${java.version}</target>
        <!-- 移除--enable-preview，除非明确需要预览特性 -->
    </configuration>
</plugin>

移除重复Servlet依赖
单独引入的jakarta.servlet-api会与spring-boot-starter-web自带的适配版本冲突，建议删除该依赖。

简化主类配置
若以JAR包方式运行，无需继承SpringBootServletInitializer（仅WAR部署到外部容器时需要），可简化主类：

@SpringBootApplication
public class BackendApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BackendApplication.class, args);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Firas Chebbi

Spring Boot启动报错：上下文无ServletWebServerFactory Bean

pom.xml配置 #

主类文件BackendApplication.java #

WebSecurityConfig.java #

AuthController.java #

问题排查与解决方案 #

pom.xml配置

主类文件BackendApplication.java

WebSecurityConfig.java

AuthController.java

问题排查与解决方案