Node.js异步函数未处理Promise拒绝错误求助

问题描述 #

运行MintyTON项目的yarn start命令时触发ERR_UNHANDLED_REJECTION错误，提示异步函数未设置catch块或Promise未通过.catch()处理。

运行日志 #

MintyTON % yarn start
yarn run v1.22.19
$ tsc --skipLibCheck && node dist/app.js
Started uploading images to IPFS...
node:internal/process/promises:289
triggerUncaughtException(err, true /* fromPromise */);
^

[UnhandledPromiseRejection: This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). The promise rejected with the reason "#".] {
code: 'ERR_UNHANDLED_REJECTION'
}

Node.js v20.5.1
error Command failed with exit code 1.

相关代码（app.ts） #

import * as dotenv from "dotenv";

import { toNano } from "ton-core";
import { readdir } from "fs/promises";

import { openWallet } from "./utils";
import { waitSeqno } from "./delay";
import { NftCollection } from "./contracts/NftCollection";
import { NftItem } from "./contracts/NftItem";
import { updateMetadataFiles, uploadFolderToIPFS } from "./metadata";
import { GetGemsSaleData, NftSale } from "./contracts/NftSale";
import { NftMarketplace } from "./contracts/NftMarketplace";

dotenv.config();

async function init() {
  const metadataFolderPath = "./data/metadata/";
  const imagesFolderPath = "./data/images/";

  const wallet = await openWallet(process.env.MNEMONIC!.split(" "), true);

  console.log("Started uploading images to IPFS...");
  const imagesIpfsHash = await uploadFolderToIPFS(imagesFolderPath);
  console.log(
    `Successfully uploaded the pictures to ipfs: https://gateway.pinata.cloud/ipfs/${imagesIpfsHash}`
  );

  console.log("Started uploading metadata files to IPFS...");
  await updateMetadataFiles(metadataFolderPath, imagesIpfsHash);
  const metadataIpfsHash = await uploadFolderToIPFS(metadataFolderPath);
  console.log(
    `Successfully uploaded the metadata to ipfs: https://gateway.pinata.cloud/ipfs/${metadataIpfsHash}`
  );

  console.log("Start deploy of nft collection...");
  const collectionData = {
    ownerAddress: wallet.contract.address,
    royaltyPercent: 0.05, // 0.05 = 5%
    royaltyAddress: wallet.contract.address,
    nextItemIndex: 0,
    collectionContentUrl: `ipfs://${metadataIpfsHash}/collection.json`,
    commonContentUrl: `ipfs://${metadataIpfsHash}/`,
  };
  const collection = new NftCollection(collectionData);
  let seqno = await collection.deploy(wallet);
  console.log(`Collection deployed: ${collection.address}`);
  await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);

  // Deploy nft items
  const files = await readdir(metadataFolderPath);
  files.pop();
  let index = 0;

  seqno = await collection.topUpBalance(wallet, files.length);
  await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
  console.log(`Balance top-upped`);

  for (const file of files) {
    console.log(`Start deploy of ${index + 1} NFT`);
    const mintParams = {
      queryId: 0,
      itemOwnerAddress: wallet.contract.address,
      itemIndex: index,
      amount: toNano("0.05"),
      commonContentUrl: file,
    };
    const nftItem = new NftItem(collection);
    seqno = await nftItem.deploy(wallet, mintParams);
    console.log(`Successfully deployed ${index + 1} NFT`);
    await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
    index++;
  }

  console.log("Start deploy of new marketplace  ");
  const marketplace = new NftMarketplace(wallet.contract.address);
  seqno = await marketplace.deploy(wallet);
  await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
  console.log("Successfully deployed new marketplace");

  const nftToSaleAddress = await NftItem.getAddressByIndex(collection.address, 0);
  const saleData: GetGemsSaleData = {
    isComplete: false,
    createdAt: Math.ceil(Date.now() / 1000),
    marketplaceAddress: marketplace.address,
    nftAddress: nftToSaleAddress,
    nftOwnerAddress: null,
    fullPrice: toNano("10"),
    marketplaceFeeAddress: wallet.contract.address,
    marketplaceFee: toNano("1"),
    royaltyAddress: wallet.contract.address,
    royaltyAmount: toNano("0.5"),
  };
  const nftSaleContract = new NftSale(saleData);
  seqno = await nftSaleContract.deploy(wallet);
  await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);

  await NftItem.transfer(wallet, nftToSaleAddress, nftSaleContract.address);
}

void init();

错误原因 #

init()是异步函数，内部所有await操作（IPFS上传、钱包初始化、合约部署等）都可能抛出错误，但当前代码通过void init();调用时，没有处理Promise的拒绝状态，一旦任何异步操作失败就会触发未捕获的Promise拒绝错误。

解决方案 #

方案1：在init()内部添加try/catch捕获错误 #

修改init函数，用try/catch包裹所有逻辑并输出错误详情：

async function init() {
  try {
    // 原有代码全部放入try块内
    const metadataFolderPath = "./data/metadata/";
    const imagesFolderPath = "./data/images/";

    const wallet = await openWallet(process.env.MNEMONIC!.split(" "), true);

    console.log("Started uploading images to IPFS...");
    const imagesIpfsHash = await uploadFolderToIPFS(imagesFolderPath);
    console.log(
      `Successfully uploaded the pictures to ipfs: https://gateway.pinata.cloud/ipfs/${imagesIpfsHash}`
    );

    console.log("Started uploading metadata files to IPFS...");
    await updateMetadataFiles(metadataFolderPath, imagesIpfsHash);
    const metadataIpfsHash = await uploadFolderToIPFS(metadataFolderPath);
    console.log(
      `Successfully uploaded the metadata to ipfs: https://gateway.pinata.cloud/ipfs/${metadataIpfsHash}`
    );

    console.log("Start deploy of nft collection...");
    const collectionData = {
      ownerAddress: wallet.contract.address,
      royaltyPercent: 0.05, // 0.05 = 5%
      royaltyAddress: wallet.contract.address,
      nextItemIndex: 0,
      collectionContentUrl: `ipfs://${metadataIpfsHash}/collection.json`,
      commonContentUrl: `ipfs://${metadataIpfsHash}/`,
    };
    const collection = new NftCollection(collectionData);
    let seqno = await collection.deploy(wallet);
    console.log(`Collection deployed: ${collection.address}`);
    await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);

    // Deploy nft items
    const files = await readdir(metadataFolderPath);
    files.pop();
    let index = 0;

    seqno = await collection.topUpBalance(wallet, files.length);
    await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
    console.log(`Balance top-upped`);

    for (const file of files) {
      console.log(`Start deploy of ${index + 1} NFT`);
      const mintParams = {
        queryId: 0,
        itemOwnerAddress: wallet.contract.address,
        itemIndex: index,
        amount: toNano("0.05"),
        commonContentUrl: file,
      };
      const nftItem = new NftItem(collection);
      seqno = await nftItem.deploy(wallet, mintParams);
      console.log(`Successfully deployed ${index + 1} NFT`);
      await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
      index++;
    }

    console.log("Start deploy of new marketplace  ");
    const marketplace = new NftMarketplace(wallet.contract.address);
    seqno = await marketplace.deploy(wallet);
    await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);
    console.log("Successfully deployed new marketplace");

    const nftToSaleAddress = await NftItem.getAddressByIndex(collection.address, 0);
    const saleData: GetGemsSaleData = {
      isComplete: false,
      createdAt: Math.ceil(Date.now() / 1000),
      marketplaceAddress: marketplace.address,
      nftAddress: nftToSaleAddress,
      nftOwnerAddress: null,
      fullPrice: toNano("10"),
      marketplaceFeeAddress: wallet.contract.address,
      marketplaceFee: toNano("1"),
      royaltyAddress: wallet.contract.address,
      royaltyAmount: toNano("0.5"),
    };
    const nftSaleContract = new NftSale(saleData);
    seqno = await nftSaleContract.deploy(wallet);
    await waitSeqno(seqno, wallet);

    await NftItem.transfer(wallet, nftToSaleAddress, nftSaleContract.address);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("执行过程中出现错误:", error);
    process.exit(1); // 非0退出码标识执行失败
  }
}

init(); // 无需再用void

方案2：在调用init()时添加.catch()处理 #

保留原有init函数，修改调用方式：

init().catch(error => {
  console.error("执行过程中出现错误:", error);
  process.exit(1);
});

后续排查 #

添加错误捕获后，运行yarn start会输出具体错误信息，可根据错误详情进一步定位问题（比如IPFS上传失败可能是网络问题、钱包密钥错误、合约部署参数问题等）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user24786531