如何在PowerShell中按Z序获取多窗口进程的最近活跃实例？

要实现按最近活跃（Z序最高）的顺序返回PureRef窗口对应的文件路径，Get-Process无法直接提供Z序信息，需要借助Windows API来枚举窗口并确定其层级顺序。以下是具体的实现方案：

核心思路 #

1. 调用Windows API枚举所有顶层窗口
2. 筛选出归属PureRef进程的窗口
3. 按Z序（从顶层到底层）排序这些窗口
4. 从窗口标题中提取目标文件路径

完整函数实现 #

function Get-PureRef {
    # 加载所需的Windows API函数
    Add-Type @"
    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    public class WindowInfo {
        public IntPtr HWnd { get; set; }
        public int ProcessId { get; set; }
        public string Title { get; set; }
    }

    public class WindowEnumerator {
        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc enumProc, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern bool GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        private static extern int GetWindowTextLength(IntPtr hWnd);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        private static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, System.Text.StringBuilder lpString, int nMaxCount);

        private delegate bool EnumWindowsProc(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr lParam);

        public static List<WindowInfo> GetTopLevelWindows() {
            List<WindowInfo> windows = new List<WindowInfo>();

            EnumWindows((hWnd, lParam) => {
                int pid;
                GetWindowThreadProcessId(hWnd, out pid);

                int titleLength = GetWindowTextLength(hWnd);
                string title = string.Empty;
                if (titleLength > 0) {
                    System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(titleLength + 1);
                    GetWindowText(hWnd, sb, sb.Capacity);
                    title = sb.ToString();
                }

                windows.Add(new WindowInfo { HWnd = hWnd, ProcessId = pid, Title = title });
                return true;
            }, IntPtr.Zero);

            return windows;
        }

        // 按Z序从顶层到底层排序窗口
        public static List<WindowInfo> SortWindowsByZOrder(List<WindowInfo> windows) {
            List<WindowInfo> sortedWindows = new List<WindowInfo>();
            IntPtr currentWnd = GetWindow(IntPtr.Zero, 0); // GW_HWNDFIRST：获取Z序最顶层的窗口
            while (currentWnd != IntPtr.Zero) {
                var match = windows.Find(w => w.HWnd == currentWnd);
                if (match != null) {
                    sortedWindows.Add(match);
                }
                currentWnd = GetWindow(currentWnd, 2); // GW_HWNDNEXT：获取下一个Z序的窗口
            }
            return sortedWindows;
        }
    }
"@

    # 获取所有顶层窗口并筛选PureRef相关的
    $allWindows = [WindowEnumerator]::GetTopLevelWindows()
    $pureRefWindows = $allWindows | Where-Object { 
        $proc = Get-Process -Id $_.ProcessId -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        $proc -and $proc.ProcessName -eq "PureRef" -and $_.Title -match " - C:\\"
    }

    # 按Z序排序
    $sortedWindows = [WindowEnumerator]::SortWindowsByZOrder($pureRefWindows)

    # 提取文件路径并输出
    $sortedWindows | ForEach-Object {
        if ($_.Title -match " - (C:\\.*\.pur)$") {
            $matches[1]
        }
    }
}

使用说明 #

在PowerShell中运行上述函数定义后，执行Get-PureRef即可得到按最近活跃顺序排列的PureRef文件路径列表：

Get-PureRef

输出示例：

C:\temp\Level Design 1.pur
C:\temp\Car Shelf.pur
C:\temp\Backgrounds_1.pur

此时(Get-PureRef)[0]会始终指向最近活跃窗口对应的文件路径，满足你的系统约定需求。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者GaryAtlan82