Docker部署ElasticSearch遇FileSystemException：非目录错误求助

问题 #

作为Docker与ElasticSearch新手，按照教程使用以下docker-compose.yml部署ElasticSearch集群：

version: "4.6"
services:
  es01:
    image: "docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss:7.10.2"
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
      - "9300:9300"
    environment:
      node.name: es01
      discovery.seed_hosts: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.initial_master_nodes: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.name: mycluster
      bootstrap.memory_lock: "true"
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: -Xms256m -Xmx256m
    volumes:
      - "es-data-es01:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl http://localhost:9200"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
  es02:
    image: "docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss:7.10.2"
    ports:
      - "9201:9200"
      - "9301:9300"
    environment:
      node.name: es02
      discovery.seed_hosts: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.initial_master_nodes: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.name: mycluster
      bootstrap.memory_lock: "true"
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: -Xms256m -Xmx256m
    volumes:
      - "es-data-es02:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl http://localhost:9200"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
  es03:
    image: "docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss:7.10.2"
    ports:
      - "9202:9200"
      - "9303:9300"
    environment:
      node.name: es03
      discovery.seed_hosts: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.initial_master_nodes: es01,es02,es03
      cluster.name: mycluster
      bootstrap.memory_lock: "true"
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: -Xms256m -Xmx256m
    volumes:
      - "es-data-es03:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data"
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl http://localhost:9200"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 120
  kibana:
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss:7.10.2
    depends_on:
      es01:
        condition: service_healthy
      es02:
        condition: service_healthy
      es03:
        condition: service_healthy
    ports:
      - "5601:5601"
    environment:
      - 'ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS=["http://es01:9200","http://es02:9200","http://es03:9200"]'
volumes:
  es-data-es01:
  es-data-es02:
  es-data-es03:

运行docker compose时出现FileSystemException错误，报错信息如下：

api-es03-1    | "stacktrace": ["org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: ElasticsearchException[failed to bind service]; nested: FileSystemException[/usr/share/elasticsearch/data/nodes/0: Not a directory];",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:174) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:161) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:127) ~[elasticsearch-cli-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-cli-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:126) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "Caused by: org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException: failed to bind service",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:729) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:289) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap$5.<init>(Bootstrap.java:227) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:227) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:393) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:170) ~[elasticsearch-7.10.2.jar:7.10.2]",
api-es03-1    | "... 6 more",

预期ElasticSearch服务能正常启动，寻求解决方法。

解决方法 #

这个错误是因为ElasticSearch容器无法在指定数据目录下创建必要的子目录，通常是命名卷存在异常或权限问题，按以下步骤处理：

• 清理异常卷并重启

  1. 停止所有容器：

     docker compose down
     

  2. 查看所有Docker卷，找到对应项目的ES数据卷：

     docker volume ls
     

  3. 删除出问题的es-data-es03卷（或全部三个ES数据卷彻底重置）：

     docker volume rm <你的项目名>-es-data-es03
     

  4. 重新启动集群：

     docker compose up -d
     

  启动后用docker compose logs -f es03查看日志，确认是否正常启动。

• 添加权限初始化命令（可选）
  如果不想频繁删除卷，可以在每个ES服务的配置中添加命令，确保容器内数据目录权限正确：

  es03:
    # 其他配置不变
    command: >
      bash -c "chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /usr/share/elasticsearch/data && exec /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh eswrapper"
  

  该命令会在启动ElasticSearch前，先修正数据目录的所属用户权限。

• 绑定挂载目录的额外处理（若后续切换为本地目录）
  如果后续改用宿主机本地目录挂载而非命名卷，需提前创建目录并设置正确权限：

  mkdir -p ./es-data/es03
  chown -R 1000:1000 ./es-data/es03
  

  再修改volumes配置为：

  volumes:
    - "./es-data/es03:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data"
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bharat Soni