如何在8086汇编语言中打印精灵？代码无显示问题求助

我尝试在8086汇编语言中打印精灵，已编写如下代码，但运行后没有任何显示效果，请求协助排查问题。

.model small
.stack 100h

.data
    sprite DB 00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h     ;  0
        DB 0Fh,0Fh,0Fh,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,0Fh,07h,00h,00h,00h     ;  1
        DB 00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h     ;  2
        DB 00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h     ;  3
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h     ;  4
        DB 0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,08h,08h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,08h,08h     ;  5
        DB 00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h     ;  6
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,07h     ;  7
        DB 07h,07h,07h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,00h,00h,07h,07h,00h,07h,07h,07h,0Fh     ;  8
        DB 00h,00h,07h,07h,00h,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h     ;  9
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h     ; 10
        DB 00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,00h     ; 11
     counter1 db ?
     counter2 db ?
     bullet_pos_x db 10

.code
main proc
    mov ax, @data
    mov ds, ax

    mov si, 0 
    mov counter1, 0
    mov counter2, 0

    ; Initialize CX and DX for sprite positioning
    mov cx, 100  ; Set initial X position within the screen (between 0 and 319)
    mov dx, 50   ; Set initial Y position within the screen (between 0 and 199)

    drawOuter6:
        drawInner6:
            mov ah, 0ch         ; Set AH to 0Ch for plot pixel function
            mov al, sprite[si]  ; Load pixel color into AL
            int 10h             ; Plot the pixel
            inc cx              ; Increment column counter
            inc counter2        ; Increment inner loop counter
            inc si              ; Move to next pixel in sprite
            cmp counter2, 9     ; Check inner loop counter
            jl drawInner6       ; Repeat inner loop if less than 9 pixels

        mov counter2, 0         ; Reset inner loop counter
        mov cl, bullet_pos_x    ; Load bullet_pos_x into the low byte of CX
        inc dx                  ; Increment row counter
        inc counter1            ; Increment outer loop counter
        cmp counter1, 20        ; Check outer loop counter
        jl drawOuter6           ; Repeat outer loop if less than 20 rows

    end_print:
        ; Exit to DOS
        mov ax, 4C00h
        int 21h

main endp
end main

问题排查与修复建议 #

• 未进入图形模式：int 10h的0Ch画点功能仅在图形模式下有效，代码默认处于文本模式，导致画点指令完全无效。需先调用int 10h设置图形模式，比如常用的320x200 256色模式（AH=00h, AL=13h）。
• 循环与精灵数据不匹配：sprite仅定义了12行数据，但外层循环要执行20次，会越界读取内存中的无效数据；同时每行有15个像素数据，内层循环只绘制9个，丢失了精灵的大部分细节。需将外层循环次数改为12，内层循环次数改为15。
• CX寄存器重置错误：外层循环中仅用mov cl, bullet_pos_x重置X坐标，CH寄存器保留了之前的数值，导致实际X坐标为CH*256 + bullet_pos_x，超出320的屏幕宽度范围，所有像素都画到了屏幕外。需用mov cx, bullet_pos_x直接重置整个CX寄存器（因为bullet_pos_x是8位，CH会自动清0）。
• 颜色值与背景冲突：sprite中大量使用00h（黑色），如果图形模式默认背景为黑色，这些像素会无法分辨；建议跳过黑色像素绘制，或调整精灵颜色值。

修改后的示例代码 #

.model small
.stack 100h

.data
    sprite DB 00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h     ;  0
        DB 0Fh,0Fh,0Fh,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,0Fh,07h,00h,00h,00h     ;  1
        DB 00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h     ;  2
        DB 00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h     ;  3
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h     ;  4
        DB 0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,08h,08h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,07h,08h,08h     ;  5
        DB 00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,0Fh,07h     ;  6
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,0Fh,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,07h     ;  7
        DB 07h,07h,07h,0Fh,0Fh,07h,00h,00h,07h,07h,00h,07h,07h,07h,0Fh     ;  8
        DB 00h,00h,07h,07h,00h,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h     ;  9
        DB 07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h     ; 10
        DB 00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,07h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,07h,07h,00h     ; 11
     counter1 db ?
     counter2 db ?
     bullet_pos_x db 10

.code
main proc
    mov ax, @data
    mov ds, ax

    ; 设置320x200 256色图形模式
    mov ah, 00h
    mov al, 13h
    int 10h

    mov si, 0 
    mov counter1, 0
    mov counter2, 0

    ; 初始化精灵起始位置
    mov cx, bullet_pos_x  ; X坐标
    mov dx, 50            ; Y坐标

    drawOuter6:
        drawInner6:
            mov ah, 0ch         ; 画点功能
            mov al, sprite[si]  ; 取像素颜色
            ; 跳过黑色像素，避免和背景重叠
            cmp al, 00h
            je skip_pixel
            int 10h             ; 绘制像素
        skip_pixel:
            inc cx              ; X坐标+1
            inc counter2        ; 内层计数器+1
            inc si              ; 下一个精灵像素
            cmp counter2, 15    ; 每行15个像素
            jl drawInner6       ; 未画完继续

        mov counter2, 0         ; 重置内层计数器
        mov cx, bullet_pos_x    ; 重置X坐标
        inc dx                  ; Y坐标+1
        inc counter1            ; 外层计数器+1
        cmp counter1, 12        ; 共12行精灵数据
        jl drawOuter6           ; 未画完继续

    ; 暂停查看结果（按任意键退出）
    mov ah, 00h
    int 16h

    ; 恢复文本模式
    mov ah, 00h
    mov al, 03h
    int 10h

    ; 退出DOS
    mov ax, 4C00h
    int 21h

main endp
end main

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者umaima hashmi