使用GitHub仓库部署Node.js API时如何修改Azure构建目录

我要通过GitHub Actions部署位于仓库./anti-scraping-backend目录下的Node.js API到Azure Web App，但构建时始终在根目录执行，导致npm找不到子目录里的package.json，报错如下：

npm ERR! code ENOENT
npm ERR! syscall open
npm ERR! path /home/runner/work/Scraping-Anti-Scraping-Techniques/Scraping-Anti-Scraping-Techniques/package.json
npm ERR! errno -2
npm ERR! enoent Could not read package.json: Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/home/runner/work/Scraping-Anti-Scraping-Techniques/Scraping-Anti-Scraping-Techniques/package.json'
npm ERR! enoent This is related to npm not being able to find a file.
npm ERR! enoent

尝试过单独执行cd ./anti-scraping-backend和修改deploy步骤的package参数，但问题依旧。

问题根源 #

GitHub Actions中每个run步骤都是独立的shell环境，单独的cd命令只会在当前步骤生效，后续步骤会自动回到仓库根目录，所以npm命令还是在根目录执行，找不到子目录的package.json。

解决方案 #

修改GitHub Actions配置文件，确保构建阶段的所有命令都在anti-scraping-backend目录下执行，同时调整打包和部署的路径匹配：

修改后的完整yaml配置：

name: Build and deploy Node.js app to Azure Web App - anti-scraping-api

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Node.js version
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '20.x'

      # 指定工作目录，让npm命令直接在子目录执行
      - name: npm install, build, and test
        working-directory: ./anti-scraping-backend
        run: |
          npm install
          npm run build --if-present
          npm run test --if-present

      # 进入子目录打包，确保压缩包只包含API项目文件
      - name: Zip artifact for deployment
        run: |
          cd ./anti-scraping-backend
          zip ../release.zip ./* -r

      - name: Upload artifact for deployment job
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: node-app
          path: release.zip

  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build
    environment:
      name: 'Production'
      url: ${{ steps.deploy-to-webapp.outputs.webapp-url }}
    permissions:
      id-token: write #This is required for requesting the JWT

    steps:
      - name: Download artifact from build job
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: node-app

      - name: Unzip artifact for deployment
        run: unzip release.zip
      
      - name: Login to Azure
        uses: azure/login@v1
        with:
          client-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }}
          tenant-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }}
          subscription-id: ${{ secrets.AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }}

      # 解压后文件在当前目录，直接部署当前目录内容
      - name: 'Deploy to Azure Web App'
        id: deploy-to-webapp
        uses: azure/webapps-deploy@v2
        with:
          app-name: 'anti-scraping-api'
          slot-name: 'Production'
          package: ./

关键修改说明 #

1. 构建阶段指定工作目录：给npm步骤添加working-directory: ./anti-scraping-backend，让npm命令直接在子目录执行，无需单独cd。
2. 打包子目录内容：打包时先进入子目录，把内容打包到根目录的release.zip，确保压缩包只包含API项目文件，没有多余的根目录内容。
3. 部署阶段使用正确路径：解压后API文件在当前目录，所以package参数设为./，Azure会直接部署当前目录的内容。

替代方案（同shell执行多个命令） #

如果不想用working-directory，也可以把cd和npm命令放在同一个run块里（同一个shell环境）：

- name: Change directory and run npm commands
  run: |
    cd ./anti-scraping-backend
    npm install
    npm run build --if-present
    npm run test --if-present

这样cd命令的效果会延续到后续的npm命令，同样能在子目录执行构建。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arthur Konrad