非无头模式下Python Selenium4 ChromeDriver崩溃，报SessionNotCreatedException

问题描述 #

• 基于Python Selenium4与ChromeDriver的脚本，非无头模式无法启动，但无头模式可正常运行，同代码库其他使用相同导入的脚本无崩溃问题。
• 该脚本与其他爬虫的唯一差异：运行前未删除Chromium配置文件。

报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/path/to/selenium_scraper.py", line 92, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(                         
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 66, in __init__
    super().__init__(command_executor=executor, options=options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 208, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 292, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 347, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 229, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
  (session not created: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/chromium is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x55b34ba06f83 <unknown>
#1 0x55b34b6bfcf7 <unknown>
#2 0x55b34b6f760e <unknown>
#3 0x55b34b6f426e <unknown>
#4 0x55b34b74480c <unknown>
#5 0x55b34b738e53 <unknown>
#5 0x55b34b700dd4 <unknown>
#7 0x55b34b7021de <unknown>
#8 0x55b34b9cb531 <unknown>
#9 0x55b34b9cf455 <unknown>
#10 0x55b34b9b7f55 <unknown>
#11 0x55b34b9d00ef <unknown>
#12 0x55b34b99b99f <unknown>
#13 0x55b34b9f4008 <unknown>
#14 0x55b34b9f41d7 <unknown>
#15 0x55b34ba06124 <unknown>
#16 0x7f961961fea7 start_thread

解决方案 #

1. 强制指定DevTools端口与独立用户目录 #

通过配置ChromeOptions，避免旧配置文件干扰和端口分配失败：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
# 指定固定的DevTools调试端口
options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")
# 设置独立的用户数据目录，隔离原有配置
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=/tmp/selenium_chrome_profile")
# 解决Linux环境下的沙箱限制
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
# 禁用/dev/shm使用，避免内存不足问题
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

2. 清理旧配置中的DevToolsActivePort文件 #

如果需要保留原有用户配置，可在启动前手动删除残留的端口文件：

rm -f /path/to/your/chromium_profile/DevToolsActivePort

3. 验证Chrome与ChromeDriver版本匹配 #

确保Chromium浏览器版本与ChromeDriver版本完全一致，版本不匹配会导致启动失败。可通过以下命令查看版本：

# 查看Chromium版本
chromium --version
# 查看ChromeDriver版本
chromedriver --version

4. 禁用GPU加速（针对Linux环境） #

部分Linux环境下非无头模式可能因GPU问题崩溃，添加参数禁用GPU：

options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gilles Quénot