Qiskit 1.0中transpile()传入shots参数报错的解决方法

问题背景 #

升级至Qiskit 1.0后，尝试将旧代码中的execute替换为transpile时触发上述错误。旧版本中execute同时完成电路编译与运行，而Qiskit 1.0拆分了这两个独立步骤。

旧代码（Qiskit <1.0） #

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, Aer, execute

def calculate_hydrogen_energy():
    circuit = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
    circuit.h(0)
    circuit.cx(0, 1)
    circuit.measure([0, 1], [0, 1])

    simulator = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
    job = execute(circuit, simulator, shots=1000)
    result = job.result()
    counts = result.get_counts(circuit)

错误的升级代码 #

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile
from qiskit_aer import Aer

def calculate_hydrogen_energy():
    circuit = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
    circuit.h(0)
    circuit.cx(0, 1)
    circuit.measure([0, 1], [0, 1])

    simulator = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
    job = transpile(circuit, simulator, shots=1000)  # 错误：transpile不接受shots参数
    result = job.result()
    counts = result.get_counts(circuit)

解决方案 #

Qiskit 1.0中，transpile仅负责电路编译，运行参数（如shots）需传递给后端的run方法：

正确代码 #

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile
from qiskit_aer import Aer

def calculate_hydrogen_energy():
    # 定义量子电路
    circuit = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
    circuit.h(0)
    circuit.cx(0, 1)
    circuit.measure([0, 1], [0, 1])

    # 初始化模拟器后端
    simulator = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
    
    # 步骤1：编译电路以适配后端
    transpiled_circuit = transpile(circuit, simulator)
    
    # 步骤2：运行编译后的电路，指定shots参数
    job = simulator.run(transpiled_circuit, shots=1000)
    
    # 获取结果
    result = job.result()
    counts = result.get_counts(transpiled_circuit)
    
    # 可选：打印结果验证
    print(counts)

关键说明 #

• transpile()：将原始电路转换为符合目标后端约束的优化电路，仅处理编译逻辑，不接受运行相关参数
• simulator.run()：执行编译后的电路，支持传入shots（采样次数）、memory（是否保存每次采样结果）等运行参数

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Simón Xolocotzi Muñoz