Reqnroll BDD测试在Blazor MAUI Hybrid应用中运行失败求助

使用VS 2022创建新的Maui Blazor应用，安装Reqnroll插件并在解决方案内创建测试项目，按文档要求添加对Maui Blazor应用的项目引用。将两个项目的TargetFrameworks修改为net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0后，构建项目及dummy test可正常运行，应用也能正常启动。但在终端执行dotnet test时出现错误：类型初始化器引发异常，根源为WinRT.ActivationFactory1`的类型初始化失败，COM类未注册（错误码0x80040154）。

Maui Blazor项目文件 #

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Razor">

    <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFrameworks Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsOSPlatform('windows'))">$(TargetFrameworks);net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0</TargetFrameworks>

        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
        <RootNamespace>TestForReqnroll</RootNamespace>
        <UseMaui>true</UseMaui>
        <SingleProject>true</SingleProject>
        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
        <EnableDefaultCssItems>false</EnableDefaultCssItems>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>

        <!-- Display name -->
        <ApplicationTitle>TestForReqnroll</ApplicationTitle>

        <!-- App Identifier -->
        <ApplicationId>com.companyname.testforreqnroll</ApplicationId>

        <!-- Versions -->
        <ApplicationDisplayVersion>1.0</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
        <ApplicationVersion>1</ApplicationVersion>

        <SupportedOSPlatformVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'windows'">10.0.17763.0</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
        <TargetPlatformMinVersion Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == 'windows'">10.0.17763.0</TargetPlatformMinVersion>
        <Platforms>x64</Platforms>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <ItemGroup>
        <!-- App Icon -->
        <MauiIcon Update="Resources\AppIcon\appicon.svg" ForegroundFile="Resources\AppIcon\appiconfg.svg" Color="#512BD4" />

        <!-- Splash Screen -->
        <MauiSplashScreen Include="Resources\Splash\splash.svg" Color="#512BD4" BaseSize="128,128" />

        <!-- Images -->
        <MauiImage Include="Resources\Images\*" />
        <MauiImage Update="Resources\Images\dotnet_bot.svg" BaseSize="168,208" />

        <!-- Custom Fonts -->
        <MauiFont Include="Resources\Fonts\*" />

        <!-- Raw Assets (also remove the "Resources\Raw" prefix) -->
        <MauiAsset Include="Resources\Raw\**" LogicalName="%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)" />
    </ItemGroup>

    <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.Maui" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug" Version="8.0.0" />
    </ItemGroup>

</Project>

测试项目文件 #

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Razor">
    <PropertyGroup>
      <TargetFrameworks>net8.0-windows10.0.19041.0</TargetFrameworks>
      <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Platforms>x64</Platforms>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.8.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Reqnroll.NUnit" Version="1.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.14.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.5.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.12.0" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <Folder Include="Drivers\" />
    <Folder Include="Support\" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\TestForReqnroll\TestForReqnroll.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

测试步骤定义 #

using NUnit.Framework;
using TestForReqnroll.Components;

namespace TestForReqnroll.test.StepDefinitions
{
    [Binding]
    public class TestStepDefinitions
    {
        private testClass testClass;

        [Given("The class has been instantiated")]
        public void GivenTheClassHasBeenInstantiated()
        {
            testClass = new testClass();
        }

        [When("The function is called")]
        public void WhenTheFunctionIsCalled()
        {
            testClass.testFunction();
        }

        [Then("it should return true")]
        public void ThenItShouldReturnTrue()
        {
            Assert.AreEqual(true, true);
        }
    }
}

解决方案截图 #

这个错误的核心原因是dotnet test默认非交互模式无法正确初始化MAUI依赖的WinRT/COM组件，可尝试以下方法解决：

1. 管理员权限运行终端
   右键终端选择「以管理员身份运行」，再执行dotnet test，部分COM组件注册需要管理员权限。

2. 指定测试运行平台
   在命令中明确指定Windows x64平台：

   dotnet test -r win-x64
   

3. 调整测试项目配置
   在测试项目的.csproj中添加以下配置，确保测试以Windows桌面模式运行，并修改输出类型：

   <PropertyGroup>
       <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
       <UseWindowsForms>true</UseWindowsForms>
       <UseWPF>true</UseWPF>
       <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
   </PropertyGroup>
   

4. 修复MAUI安装
   若上述方法无效，可能是MAUI组件未正确注册：

   • 打开VS Installer，选择「修改」VS 2022安装，确保「Mobile development with .NET」组件完整，点击「修改」重新安装；
   • 或运行命令修复MAUI workload：

     dotnet workload repair maui
     

5. 临时使用VS内置测试工具
   既然VS内部能正常运行测试，可优先使用VS测试资源管理器执行测试，避开终端环境限制。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ninjagast