Visual Studio编译正常但GitHub Actions构建失败（SSDT相关）

本地Visual Studio中重建项目可完全成功，但通过GitHub Actions构建时出现以下问题：

• 使用dotnet build命令时，WebAppDB.sqlproj报MSB4019错误，提示找不到SSDT的Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets文件
• 切换到MSBuild构建后，SSDT问题未解决，还新增MSB4078警告，WebApp和Unit Tests项目不被当前MSBuild版本支持

本地Visual Studio重建日志 #

Rebuild started at 2:29 PM...
1>------ Rebuild All started: Project: WebAppDB, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
2>------ Rebuild All started: Project: WebApp, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
1>      C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Roslyn\csc.exe /noconfig /nowarn:1701,1702,2008 /fullpaths /nostdlib+ /errorreport:prompt /warn:4 /define:DEBUG;TRACE /errorendlocation /preferreduilang:en-US /highentropyva+ /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.7.2\mscorlib.dll" /debug+ /debug:full /optimize- /out:obj\Debug\WebAppDB.dll /subsystemversion:6.00 /target:library /warnaserror- /utf8output /langversion:7.3 "C:\Users\seisc\AppData\Local\Temp\.NETFramework,Version=v4.7.2.SqlClrAttributes.cs"
Restored C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj (in 102 ms).
Restored C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj (in 124 ms).
1>      Loading project references...
1>      Loading project files...
1>      Building the project model and resolving object interdependencies...
1>      Validating the project model...
1>      Writing model to C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebAppDB\obj\Debug\Model.xml...
1>      WebAppDB -> C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebAppDB\bin\Debug\WebAppDB.dll
1>      WebAppDB -> C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebAppDB\bin\Debug\WebAppDB.dacpac
2>C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebApp\Views\Register\Register.cshtml(22,15,22,26): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference.
2>C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(64,13,64,18): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference.
2>C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(121,17,121,22): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference.
2>WebApp -> C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\WebApp\bin\Debug\net8.0\WebApp.dll
2>Done building project "WebApp.csproj".
3>------ Rebuild All started: Project: Unit Tests, Configuration: Debug Any CPU ------
3>Unit Tests -> C:\Users\seisc\Source\Repos\capstone_project\Unit Tests\bin\Debug\net8.0\Unit Tests.dll
========== Rebuild All: 3 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 skipped ==========
========== Rebuild completed at 2:30 PM and took 02.043 seconds ==========

GitHub Actions构建日志（dotnet build） #

Run dotnet build --no-restore
MSBuild version 17.9.8+b34f75857 for .NET
D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj(56,3): error MSB4019: The imported project "C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\8.0.204\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" was not found. Confirm that the expression in the Import declaration "C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\8.0.204\\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" is correct, and that the file exists on disk.
Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(64,13): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(121,17): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Views\Register\Register.cshtml(22,15): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
  WebApp -> D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\bin\Debug\net8.0\WebApp.dll
  Unit Tests -> D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\bin\Debug\net8.0\Unit Tests.dll

Build FAILED.

Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(64,13): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Models\VoterModel.cs(121,17): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
Warning: D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\Views\Register\Register.cshtml(22,15): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference. [D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj]
D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj(56,3): error MSB4019: The imported project "C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\8.0.204\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" was not found. Confirm that the expression in the Import declaration "C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\8.0.204\\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" is correct, and that the file exists on disk.
    3 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:40.97
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

GitHub Actions构建日志（MSBuild） #

Run C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe capstone_project.sln /p:Configuration=Release
  
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 4.8.9037.0
[Microsoft .NET Framework, version 4.0.30319.42000]
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build, please add the "/m" switch.
Build started 5/1/2024 8:48:25 PM.
Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" on node 1 (default targets).
ValidateSolutionConfiguration:
  Building solution configuration "Release|Any CPU".
Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (1) is building "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj.metaproj" (2) on node 1 (default targets).
D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj.metaproj : warning MSB4078: The project file "WebApp\WebApp.csproj" is not supported by MSBuild and cannot be built.
Done Building Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj.metaproj" (default targets).
Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (1) is building "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj.metaproj" (3) on node 1 (default targets).
D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj.metaproj : warning MSB4078: The project file "Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj" is not supported by MSBuild and cannot be built.
Done Building Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj.metaproj" (default targets).
Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (1) is building "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj" (4) on node 1 (default targets).
D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj(57,3): error MSB4019: The imported project "C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" was not found. Confirm that the path in the <Import> declaration is correct, and that the file exists on disk.
Done Building Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.
Done Building Project "D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (default targets) -- FAILED.
Build FAILED.
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (default target) (1) ->
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj.metaproj" (default target) (2) ->
(Build target) -> 
  D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebApp\WebApp.csproj.metaproj : warning MSB4078: The project file "WebApp\WebApp.csproj" is not supported by MSBuild and cannot be built.
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (default target) (1) ->
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj.metaproj" (default target) (3) ->
  D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj.metaproj : warning MSB4078: The project file "Unit Tests\Unit Tests.csproj" is not supported by MSBuild and cannot be built.
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\capstone_project.sln" (default target) (1) ->
"D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj" (default target) (4) ->
  D:\a\capstone_project\capstone_project\WebAppDB\WebAppDB.sqlproj(57,3): error MSB4019: The imported project "C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" was not found. Confirm that the path in the <Import> declaration is correct, and that the file exists on disk.
    2 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)
Time Elapsed 00:00:02.38
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

当前dotnet.yml工作流配置 #

# This workflow will build a .NET project
# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-net

name: .NET

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "main" ]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Setup .NET
      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
      with:
        dotnet-version: 8.0.x
    - name: Restore dependencies
      run: dotnet restore
    - name: Build with MSBuild
      run: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe capstone_project.sln /p:Configuration=Release
    - name: Test
      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal

1. 安装SSDT构建工具 #

GitHub Actions的Windows runner默认未预装SSDT，需要在工作流中添加安装步骤，使用Chocolatey包管理器安装：

- name: Install SSDT
  run: choco install sql-server-data-tools -y

2. 使用兼容.NET 8的MSBuild版本 #

不要使用.NET Framework 4.8自带的老旧MSBuild（路径C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe），该版本不支持.NET 8项目。通过官方action获取Visual Studio附带的最新MSBuild：

- name: Setup MSBuild
  uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2

之后直接使用msbuild命令即可调用正确版本。

3. 完整修改后的工作流配置 #

整合以上步骤，更新后的dotnet.yml如下：

# This workflow will build a .NET project
name: .NET

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "main" ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Setup .NET
      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
      with:
        dotnet-version: 8.0.x
    - name: Install SSDT
      run: choco install sql-server-data-tools -y
    - name: Setup MSBuild
      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
    - name: Restore dependencies
      run: dotnet restore
    - name: Build with MSBuild
      run: msbuild capstone_project.sln /p:Configuration=Release /m
    - name: Test
      run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal

4. 可选：更新SqlProj的目标文件路径 #

如果WebAppDB.sqlproj是旧版本，可修改其导入的目标文件路径，确保适配最新SSDT版本。打开WebAppDB.sqlproj，找到Import节点，替换为：

<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)\SSDT\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.SqlTasks.targets')" />

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shane Salter