STM32F3Discovery定时器比较模式+DMA生成波形问题排查

算力阿峰

2026-6-24

STM32F3Discovery定时器+DMA生成自定义波形异常：所有脉冲时长等于ARR值

我在STM32F3Discovery上尝试生成周期33ms的波形，每个周期内需要通过定时器输出比较模式切换5次电平，计划用DMA循环模式把数组里的6个值更新到CCR寄存器。预期波形如下：

___________          ___________          ___________
  |   5700  |___3000___|   4700  |___3000___|   10000 |_________________________

  <------------------------------------33ms------------------------------------>

目前引脚能切换电平，但间隔和数组值不符；修正部分错误后，现在能生成6个脉冲，但所有脉冲时长都等于ARR设置的33ms，怀疑DMA没把数组值正确传到CCR寄存器。输入时钟确认是36MHz，相关代码配置如下：

main.c文件

#include "main.h"
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim17;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_tim17_ch1_up;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t wave_buffer[6] = {5700, 3000, 4700, 3000, 10000, 0};

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM17_Init(void);

int main(void)
{

    /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
    HAL_Init();

    /* Configure the system clock */
    SystemClock_Config();

    /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_DMA_Init();
    MX_TIM17_Init();
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
    // update timer 17 ude bit
    TIM17->DIER |= TIM_DIER_UDE;
    // dma request sent when CC1 event occurs
    TIM17->CR2 |= TIM_CR2_CCDS;
    // HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(&htim15);
    HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(&htim17);
    // enable dma
    HAL_TIM_OC_Start_DMA(&htim17, TIM_CHANNEL_1, (uint32_t *)wave_buffer, 5);

    while (1)
    {
    }
}

/**
 * @brief System Clock Configuration
 * @retval None
 */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

    /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
     * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
     */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }

    /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
     */
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

    if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

/**
 * @brief TIM17 Initialization Function
 * @Param None
 * @retval None
 */
static void MX_TIM17_Init(void)
{

    /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_Init 0 */

    /* USER CODE END TIM17_Init 0 */

    TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
    TIM_BreakDeadTimeConfigTypeDef sBreakDeadTimeConfig = {0};

    /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_Init 1 */

    /* USER CODE END TIM17_Init 1 */
    htim17.Instance = TIM17;
    htim17.Init.Prescaler = 36 - 1;
    htim17.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
    htim17.Init.Period = 33000 - 1;
    htim17.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
    htim17.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
    htim17.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim17) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    if (HAL_TIM_OC_Init(&htim17) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_TOGGLE;
    sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
    sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_LOW;
    sConfigOC.OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
    sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
    sConfigOC.OCIdleState = TIM_OCIDLESTATE_RESET;
    sConfigOC.OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIDLESTATE_RESET;
    if (HAL_TIM_OC_ConfigChannel(&htim17, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    __HAL_TIM_ENABLE_OCxPRELOAD(&htim17, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateRunMode = TIM_OSSR_DISABLE;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateIDLEMode = TIM_OSSI_DISABLE;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.LockLevel = TIM_LOCKLEVEL_OFF;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.DeadTime = 0;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakState = TIM_BREAK_DISABLE;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakPolarity = TIM_BREAKPOLARITY_HIGH;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakFilter = 0;
    sBreakDeadTimeConfig.AutomaticOutput = TIM_AUTOMATICOUTPUT_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_TIMEx_ConfigBreakDeadTime(&htim17, &sBreakDeadTimeConfig) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_Init 2 */

    /* USER CODE END TIM17_Init 2 */
    HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim17);
}

/**
 * Enable DMA controller clock
 */
static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{

    /* DMA controller clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* DMA interrupt init */
    /* DMA1_Channel1_IRQn interrupt configuration */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn, 0, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel1_IRQn);
}

/**
 * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
 * @Param None
 * @retval None
 */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
    /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

    /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
    /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}

/**
 * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
 * @retval None
 */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
    /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
    __disable_irq();
    while (1)
    {
    }
    /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
 * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
 *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
 * @Param  file: pointer to the source file name
 * @Param  line: assert_param error line source number
 * @retval None
 */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
    /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
        ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
    /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

hal msp文件

/**
 ******************************************************************************
 * @file         stm32f3xx_hal_msp.c
 * @brief        This file provides code for the MSP Initialization
 *               and de-Initialization codes.
 ******************************************************************************
 */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

extern DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_tim17_ch1_up;

void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim);
/**
 * Initializes the Global MSP.
 */
void HAL_MspInit(void)
{

    /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 0 */

    /* USER CODE END MspInit 0 */

    __HAL_RCC_SYSCFG_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* System interrupt init*/

    /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 1 */

    /* USER CODE END MspInit 1 */
}

/**
 * @brief TIM_Base MSP Initialization
 * This function configures the hardware resources used in this example
 * @Param htim_base: TIM_Base handle pointer
 * @retval None
 */
void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim_base)
{
    if (htim_base->Instance == TIM17)
    {
        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspInit 0 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspInit 0 */
        /* Peripheral clock enable */
        __HAL_RCC_TIM17_CLK_ENABLE();

        /* TIM17 DMA Init */
        /* TIM17_CH1_UP Init */
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Instance = DMA1_Channel1;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.Mode = DMA_CIRCULAR;
        hdma_tim17_ch1_up.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
        if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_tim17_ch1_up) != HAL_OK)
        {
            Error_Handler();
        }

        /* Several peripheral DMA handle pointers point to the same DMA handle.
        Be aware that there is only one channel to perform all the requested DMAs. */
        __HAL_LINKDMA(htim_base, hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_CC1], hdma_tim17_ch1_up);
        __HAL_LINKDMA(htim_base, hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_UPDATE], hdma_tim17_ch1_up);

        /* TIM17 interrupt Init */
        HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn, 0, 0);
        HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn);
        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspInit 1 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspInit 1 */
    }
}

void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    if (htim->Instance == TIM17)
    {
        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspPostInit 0 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspPostInit 0 */

        __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
        /**TIM17 GPIO Configuration
        PA7     ------> TIM17_CH1
        */
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF1_TIM17;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspPostInit 1 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspPostInit 1 */
    }
}
/**
 * @brief TIM_Base MSP De-Initialization
 * This function freeze the hardware resources used in this example
 * @Param htim_base: TIM_Base handle pointer
 * @retval None
 */
void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim_base)
{
    if (htim_base->Instance == TIM17)
    {
        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspDeInit 0 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspDeInit 0 */
        /* Peripheral clock disable */
        __HAL_RCC_TIM17_CLK_DISABLE();

        /* TIM17 DMA DeInit */
        HAL_DMA_DeInit(htim_base->hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_CC1]);
        HAL_DMA_DeInit(htim_base->hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_UPDATE]);

        /* TIM17 interrupt DeInit */
        HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM17_IRQn);
        /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM17_MspDeInit 1 */

        /* USER CODE END TIM17_MspDeInit 1 */
    }
}

问题排查与修复方案

1. DMA传输长度与数组不匹配

调用HAL_TIM_OC_Start_DMA时传入的长度是5，但wave_buffer有6个元素，导致最后一个值0没被传输，DMA循环时会重复错误的序列。修改长度为6：

HAL_TIM_OC_Start_DMA(&htim17, TIM_CHANNEL_1, (uint32_t *)wave_buffer, 6);

2. 定时器DMA触发源冲突

同时开启了更新事件DMA（TIM_DIER_UDE）和比较事件DMA，且TIM_CR2_CCDS设置为比较事件触发，导致DMA请求混乱。关闭更新事件的DMA请求：

// 删除或注释此行：TIM17->DIER |= TIM_DIER_UDE;

3. OC预加载导致CCR值延迟生效

开启__HAL_TIM_ENABLE_OCxPRELOAD后，CCR新值要等到下一个更新事件才会生效，而当前逻辑需要比较匹配后立即更新CCR触发下一次切换。关闭预加载：

// 删除或注释此行：__HAL_TIM_ENABLE_OCxPRELOAD(&htim17, TIM_CHANNEL_1);

4. DMA通道映射冲突

MSP文件中把同一个DMA通道同时链接到比较事件和更新事件，导致请求混淆。只保留比较事件的DMA链接：

// 删除或注释此行：__HAL_LINKDMA(htim_base, hdma[TIM_DMA_ID_UPDATE], hdma_tim17_ch1_up);

5. 冗余回调调用

手动调用HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback是多余的，HAL库会在事件触发时自动调用，删除此行：

// 删除或注释此行：HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(&htim17);

验证步骤

烧录修改后的代码，用示波器观察PA7引脚波形，确认各段时长与wave_buffer值匹配。
用调试器查看TIM17的CCR1寄存器值，确认DMA是否正确传输数组数据。
可在DMA中断

STM32F3Discovery定时器比较模式+DMA生成波形问题排查

main.c文件 #

hal msp文件 #

问题排查与修复方案 #

1. DMA传输长度与数组不匹配 #

2. 定时器DMA触发源冲突 #

3. OC预加载导致CCR值延迟生效 #

4. DMA通道映射冲突 #

5. 冗余回调调用 #

验证步骤 #