Selenium ChromeDriver初始化报错：修复options参数多值问题

我正在开发一款浏览器自动化程序，将代码拆分为main.py（包含BrowserAutomation类及相关方法）和automate.py（调用该类），期望自动打开Chrome标签页并加载指定URL。运行automate.py时出现如下错误：

TypeError: WebDriver.init() got multiple values for argument 'options'

现有代码 #

main.py #

import sys
import logging
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
LOGGER = logging.getLogger()

class BrowserAutomation(object):
    def __init__(self, browser=None, time_out=1000):
        ""A method to deal with browser opening""
        self.BASE_URL ="https://erita.rita.go.tz/auth"

        if not browser:
            browser = webdriver.Chrome(
                ChromeDriverManager().install(),
                options=self.chrome_options,
            )

            handles = browser.window_handles
            for _, handle in enumerate(handles):
                if handle != browser.current_window_handle:
                    browser.switch_to.window(handle)
                    browser.close()
        
        self.browser = browser
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, time_out)
        self.cli()
        self.login()

    @property
    def chrome_options(self):
        chrome_options = Options()
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            chrome_options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Default")
            chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=C:/Temp/ChromeProfile")
        else:
            chrome_options.add_argument("start-maximized")
            chrome_options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=./User_Data")

        return chrome_options
    
    def cli(self):
        """
        LOGGER settings  [nCKbr]
        """
        handler = logging.StreamHandler()
        handler.setFormatter(
            logging.Formatter(
                "%(asctime)s - %(name)s -- [%(levelname)s] >> %(message)s"
            )
        )
        LOGGER.addHandler(handler)
        LOGGER.setLevel(logging.INFO)    
    

    def open_window(self):
        self.browser.get(self.BASE_URL)
        time.sleep(2)
        self.browser.maximize_window()

    def login(self):
        xpath = "/html/body/header/nav/div/div/div/button[2]"
        email = "/html/body/div[1]/main/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div/form/div[1]/div[2]/input"
        password = "/html/body/div[1]/main/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div/form/div[2]/div[2]/input"
        login = "/html/body/div[1]/main/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/div/div/form/div[3]/div/button"
        signin_btn = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (
                    By.XPATH,
                    xpath,
                )
            )
        )
        signin_btn.click()

        email_field = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (
                    By.XPATH,
                    email,
                )
            )
        )
        time.sleep(2)
        email_field.send_keys("xxxx@gmail.com")

        password_field = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (
                    By.XPATH,
                    password
                )
            )
        )
        password_field.send_keys("xxxx")

        login_btn = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (
                    By.XPATH,
                    login
                )
            )
        )
        login_btn.click()

automate.py #

from main import BrowserAutomation

automate = BrowserAutomation()

错误信息 #

(venv) PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\e-rita\E-rita> python automate.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\e-rita\E-rita\automate.py", line 3, in <module>
    automate = BrowserAutomation()
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\e-rita\E-rita\main.py", line 19, in __init__   
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: WebDriver.__init__() got multiple values for argument 'options'

解决方案 #

核心修改 #

错误根源是Selenium 4.x版本调整了webdriver.Chrome()的参数结构：第一个参数不再是驱动路径，而是options。直接传入ChromeDriverManager().install()会被误识别为options参数，后续又显式传递options=self.chrome_options，导致参数冲突。

需要新增Service类导入，并将驱动路径通过service参数传入：

1. 在main.py顶部新增导入：

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

2. 修改__init__方法中的Chrome初始化代码：

if not browser:
    service = Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(
        service=service,
        options=self.chrome_options,
    )

额外优化点 #

• 修复__init__方法中的文档字符串缺失引号问题：将""A method to deal with browser opening""改为"""A method to deal with browser opening"""
• 调整time_out参数值：WebDriverWait的超时单位是秒，1000秒过于冗长，建议改为10或20
• 新增self.open_window()调用：原代码未触发URL加载，需在self.login()前添加该方法调用

修改后的__init__方法关键部分：

class BrowserAutomation(object):
    def __init__(self, browser=None, time_out=10):
        """A method to deal with browser opening"""
        self.BASE_URL ="https://erita.rita.go.tz/auth"

        if not browser:
            service = Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
            browser = webdriver.Chrome(
                service=service,
                options=self.chrome_options,
            )

            handles = browser.window_handles
            for _, handle in enumerate(handles):
                if handle != browser.current_window_handle:
                    browser.switch_to.window(handle)
                    browser.close()
        
        self.browser = browser
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, time_out)
        self.cli()
        self.open_window()
        self.login()

完成以上修改后，运行automate.py即可正常打开Chrome窗口并执行后续自动化操作。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Raymond