Hibernate @Embeddable注解报错：无法确定Certificate类的推荐JdbcType

在Java项目中使用Hibernate的@Embeddable注解嵌入实体类时，遇到如下错误：
Could not determine recommended JdbcType for Java type 'com.jack.secondTrail.Certificate'

需求是将Certificate类嵌入到Student实体中，但代码存在配置错误导致该问题。

完整代码 #

EmbedTable.java 文件

package com.jack.secondTrail;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;

@Embeddable
public class EmbedTable {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //configuration     
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
        cfg.configure();
        SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
        
        //1st student object        
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setId(1254);
        student1.setName("Anuv Jain");
        student1.setAddress("Mumbai");
        
        //1st certificate obj for student 1
        Certificate certificate = new Certificate();
        certificate.setCourse("Java Development");
        certificate.setCourse("5 months");
        student1.setCerti(certificate);
        
        
        //2nd student object 
        Student student2 = new Student();
        student2.setId(1546);
        student2.setName("Nakul Dhull");
        student2.setAddress("Gurgaon");
        
        //2nd certificate object for student 2
        Certificate certificate2 = new Certificate();
        certificate2.setCourse("API Design");
        certificate2.setDuration("4 months");
        student2.setCerti(certificate2);
        
        
        //open session to changes
        Session se = factory.openSession();
        Transaction tx = se.beginTransaction(); //for saving..
        
        se.save(student1);
        se.save(student2);
        
        tx.commit();
        
        se.close();
        factory.close();
        
        
    }
}

Certificate.java 文件

package com.jack.secondTrail;

public class Certificate {
    
    private String course;
    private String duration;
    
    
    public String getCourse() {
        return course;
    }
    public void setCourse(String course) {
        this.course = course;
    }
    public String getDuration() {
        return duration;
    }
    public void setDuration(String duration) {
        this.duration = duration;
    }
    
    
    public Certificate(String course, String duration) {
        super();
        this.course = course;
        this.duration = duration;
    }
    public Certificate() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
}

Student.java 文件

package com.jack.secondTrail;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;

@Entity
public class Student {
    
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String address;

    private Certificate certi;
    
    
    public Student(int id, String name, String address, Certificate certi) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.certi = certi;
    }

    public Student() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }


    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }


    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }


    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }


    public Certificate getCerti() {
        return certi;
    }


    public void setCerti(Certificate certi) {
        this.certi = certi;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return this.id+" : "+ this.name+" : "+ this.address;
    }

}

问题修复步骤 #

1. 修正@Embeddable注解的位置

@Embeddable注解用于标记可嵌入到实体中的类，当前错误地添加到了作为程序入口的EmbedTable类上，需要将其移到Certificate类：

修改后的Certificate.java：

package com.jack.secondTrail;

import jakarta.persistence.Embeddable;

@Embeddable
public class Certificate {
    // 原有属性和方法保持不变
}

同时删除EmbedTable类上的@Embeddable注解。

2. 修复student1的Certificate属性赋值错误

创建student1的Certificate对象时，重复调用setCourse方法导致duration属性未被设置，正确赋值应调用setDuration：

修改EmbedTable.java中的对应代码：

//1st certificate obj for student 1
Certificate certificate = new Certificate();
certificate.setCourse("Java Development");
certificate.setDuration("5 months"); // 替换原有的setCourse("5 months")
student1.setCerti(certificate);

修复效果 #

完成上述修改后，Hibernate可正确识别Certificate为可嵌入类，将其字段映射到Student对应的数据库表中，不会再抛出JdbcType相关错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hemant Garg