Anchor 0.30.0使用TokenAccount报错：未实现Discriminator等问题求助

环境信息：

• Windows 10 64位 + Ubuntu WSL
• rustc 1.78.0
• anchor 0.30.0
• solana 1.18.13

参考官方文档「使用Account<'a, T>处理非Anchor程序账户」编写程序，运行anchor test时出现以下错误：

1. error[E0599]: TokenAccount找不到create_type关联项
2. error[E0277]: TokenAccount未实现Discriminator trait
3. error[E0599]: TokenAccount找不到insert_types关联项

示例代码 #

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount;

declare_id!("Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS");

#[program]
mod hello_anchor {
    use super::*;
    pub fn set_data(ctx: Context<SetData>, data: u64) -> Result<()> {
        if ctx.accounts.token_account.amount > 0 {
            ctx.accounts.my_account.data = data;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[account]
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct MyAccount {
    data: u64,
    mint: Pubkey,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SetData<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub my_account: Account<'info, MyAccount>,
    #[account(
        constraint = my_account.mint == token_account.mint,
        has_one = owner
    )]
    pub token_account: Account<'info, TokenAccount>,
    pub owner: Signer<'info>,
}

错误信息 #

error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `create_type` found for struct `anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount` in the current scope
   --> programs/sol-test/src/lib.rs
    |
    | #[derive(Accounts)]
    |          ^^^^^^^^ function or associated item not found in `TokenAccount`    
    |    = note: this error originates in the derive macro `Accounts` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

error[E0277]: the trait bound `anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount: Discriminator` is not satisfied
   --> programs/sol-test/src/lib.rs
    |
    | pub token_account: Account<'info, TokenAccount>,
    |                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^ the trait `Discriminator` is not implemented for `anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount`
    |    = help: the following other types implement trait `Discriminator`:
             MyAccount
             __idl::IdlAccount
             anchor_lang::ProgramData
             anchor_lang::idl::IdlAccount
             instruction::SetData

error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `insert_types` found for struct `anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount` in the current scope
   --> programs/sol-test/src/lib.rs
    |
    | #[derive(Accounts)]
    |          ^^^^^^^^ function or associated item not found in `TokenAccount`
    |    = note: this error originates in the derive macro `Accounts` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

这是Anchor版本迭代导致的文档滞后问题，Anchor 0.26+版本对非Anchor程序账户的处理方式做了调整：

Account<'a, T>类型要求泛型T必须实现Anchor的Discriminator trait以及相关的账户类型关联方法，而原生的anchor_spl::token::TokenAccount是对应Solana Token程序的账户结构，并没有实现这些Anchor专属的trait，因此报错。

有两种可行的修改方式：

方式一：使用Anchor SPL提供的接口化TokenAccount #

Anchor SPL在interface模块下提供了适配Anchor账户校验的TokenAccount类型，替换原导入即可解决问题：

修改后的代码：

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
// 替换原TokenAccount导入为interface下的版本
use anchor_spl::token::interface::TokenAccount;

declare_id!("Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS");

#[program]
mod hello_anchor {
    use super::*;
    pub fn set_data(ctx: Context<SetData>, data: u64) -> Result<()> {
        if ctx.accounts.token_account.amount > 0 {
            ctx.accounts.my_account.data = data;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[account]
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct MyAccount {
    data: u64,
    mint: Pubkey,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SetData<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub my_account: Account<'info, MyAccount>,
    #[account(
        constraint = my_account.mint == token_account.mint,
        has_one = owner
    )]
    pub token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>, // 用InterfaceAccount替代Account
    pub owner: Signer<'info>,
}

方式二：直接使用AccountInfo结合手动校验 #

如果不想依赖接口化类型，可以直接用AccountInfo，并手动添加Token账户的校验约束：

修改后的代码：

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_spl::token::{self, TokenAccount};
use solana_program::program_pack::Pack;

declare_id!("Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS");

#[program]
mod hello_anchor {
    use super::*;
    pub fn set_data(ctx: Context<SetData>, data: u64) -> Result<()> {
        // 手动解析TokenAccount数据
        let token_account = TokenAccount::unpack(&ctx.accounts.token_account.data.borrow())?;
        if token_account.amount > 0 {
            ctx.accounts.my_account.data = data;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[account]
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct MyAccount {
    data: u64,
    mint: Pubkey,
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SetData<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub my_account: Account<'info, MyAccount>,
    /// CHECK: 手动校验Token账户
    #[account(
        mut,
        constraint = token_account.owner == owner.key(),
        constraint = my_account.mint == TokenAccount::unpack(&token_account.data.borrow())?.mint,
        constraint = *token_account.owner == token::ID // 校验账户属于Token程序
    )]
    pub token_account: AccountInfo<'info>,
    pub owner: Signer<'info>,
}

关键说明 #

• 第一种方式更简洁，是Anchor官方推荐的适配非Anchor程序账户的新方式
• 第二种方式更底层，适合需要完全自定义校验逻辑的场景

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者puelo