升级SDK和Gradle后Android应用报错：DependencySubstitutions异常

问题描述 #

时隔两年重新启用Android应用，升级SDK和Gradle版本后遇到如下报错：

Failed to notify dependency resolution listener.
'void org.gradle.api.artifacts.DependencySubstitutions$Substitution.with(org.gradle.api.artifacts.component.ComponentSelector)'

现有配置 #

App模块build.gradle #

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'

android {
compileSdk 31
defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.example.myapp"
    minSdkVersion 17
    targetSdkVersion 31
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
    testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
}
buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled false
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

flavorDimensions "default"

productFlavors {
    free {
        applicationId "com.example.myapp"
    }
    paid {
        applicationId "com.example.myapp.paid"
    }
    pro {
        applicationId "com.example.myapp.pro"
    }
}
compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
buildToolsVersion '33.0.1'
/*packagingOptions {
    pickFirst 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt' // picks the JavaMail license file
}*/
}

dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.1'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.1'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
implementation 'com.loopeer.library:cardstack:1.0.2'
implementation 'androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0'
implementation 'com.mutualmobile.android:cardstack:0.5.3'
implementation 'com.savvi.datepicker:rangepicker:1.2.0'
implementation 'com.github.badoualy:datepicker-timeline:c6dcd05737'
implementation 'com.github.lecho:hellocharts-android:v1.5.8'
implementation 'com.ramotion.foldingcell:folding-cell:1.2.3'
implementation 'com.github.Binary-Finery:EZDialog:2.0'
implementation 'com.michaelmuenzer.android:ScrollableNumberPicker:0.2.2'
implementation 'com.shuhart.bubblepagerindicator:bubblepagerindicator:1.1.2'
//for lifecycle and LiveData and ViewModel
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.1'
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
implementation "androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.1.0"
implementation 'com.github.Binary-Finery:EZDialog:2.0'
def room_version = "2.2.5"
/*

// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/joda-time/joda-time
implementation group: 'joda-time', name: 'joda-time', version: '2.3'
*/

implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version"

// optional - RxJava support for Room
implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava2:$room_version"

// optional - Guava support for Room, including Optional and ListenableFuture
implementation "androidx.room:room-guava:$room_version"

// optional - Test helpers
testImplementation "androidx.room:room-testing:$room_version"
implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:+"
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
/*
implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-mail:1.6.2'
implementation 'com.sun.mail:android-activation:1.6.2'
*/

}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}

Project模块build.gradle #

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
ext.kotlin_version = '1.4.30'
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    google()
}
dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.2.1'
    //classpath 'com.github.dcendents:android-maven-gradle-plugin:1.5'
    classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
    // in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}

allprojects {
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    google()
    //maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
}
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}

已尝试更换Gradle版本，但问题未解决。

解决步骤 #

这个报错核心原因是Gradle插件、Kotlin版本、第三方依赖三者不兼容，或依赖仓库配置缺失，按以下步骤解决：

• 修复Gradle插件与Kotlin版本兼容性
  当前Gradle插件4.2.1与Kotlin 1.4.30的组合对compileSdk 31支持不足，建议升级到适配的稳定版本：
  修改Project的build.gradle：

  buildscript {
      ext.kotlin_version = '1.5.31'
      repositories {
          mavenCentral()
          google()
      }
      dependencies {
          classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.4'
          classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
      }
  }
  

  同时修改gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties中的Gradle版本：

  distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.0.2-bin.zip
  

• 恢复JitPack仓库配置
  依赖中包含多个com.github.*开头的第三方库，这些库必须依赖JitPack仓库才能解析，恢复Project的build.gradle中注释掉的配置：

  allprojects {
      repositories {
          mavenCentral()
          google()
          maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
      }
  }
  

• 清理重复依赖
  删除dependencies中重复引入的com.github.Binary-Finery:EZDialog:2.0，避免依赖冲突。

• 更新核心依赖版本
  将老旧AndroidX依赖升级到适配compileSdk 31的版本，同时替换动态版本号为具体稳定版本：

  implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
  implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.5.0'
  implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
  implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.2.1'
  implementation "androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.4.0"
  implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0"
  

  注：lifecycle-extensions已废弃，后续可逐步替换为lifecycle-viewmodel和lifecycle-livedata的单独依赖。

• 同步并重建项目
  执行File -> Sync Project with Gradle Files，再依次执行Build -> Clean Project和Build -> Rebuild Project。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adam