为何JavaScript导入在Nix构建中失败却在Nix开发shell中成功？

目标 #

我想要通过以下命令运行generate.js，利用d3.js生成SVG文件：

$ nix build 'github:MatrixManAtYrService/buildsvg#svg'
$ ls result
    output.svg

仓库中的flake.nix配置 #

仓库的flake.nix中包含如下输出派生：

packages.svg = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
  name = "generate-svg";
  src = self;
  buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.nodejs ];
  buildPhase = ''
    export NODE_PATH=${src}/node_modules
    node ${src}/generate.js
  '';

  installPhase = ''
    mkdir -p $out
    cp output.svg $out/
  '';
};

构建时的错误信息 #

执行nix build时，node命令报错退出：

Error: Cannot find package '/nix/store/a76p6qgrxlx0safvxrqx5aknhszvg703-source/node_modules/opentype.js/package.json' imported from /nix/store/a76p6qgrxlx0safvxrqx5aknhszvg703-source/generate.js
    at legacyMainResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:215:26)
    at packageResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:841:14)
    at moduleResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:927:18)
    at defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:1157:11)
    at ModuleLoader.defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:390:12)
    at ModuleLoader.resolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:359:25)
    at ModuleLoader.getModuleJob (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:234:38)
    at ModuleWrap.<anonymous> (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:87:39)
    at link (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:86:36) {
  code: 'ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND'
}
Node.js v20.12.2

generate.js的导入代码 #

generate.js的开头部分如下，错误发生在导入opentype.js的行：

import fs from 'fs';
import * as d3 from 'd3';
import opentype from 'opentype.js';  // <--- 错误发生在此处
import D3Node from 'd3-node';

开发shell中可正常运行 #

仓库的flake.nix中配置了开发shell：

devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
  buildInputs = [
    pkgs.nodePackages.nodejs
  ];
  shellHook = ''
    export NODE_PATH=$PWD/node_modules
  '';
};

在开发shell中运行generate.js完全正常：

$ nix develop
$ node generate.js
SVG generated successfully.

补充信息 #

• package.json已声明所有相关依赖，且已执行npm install将依赖下载到本地node_modules目录
• 我在buildPhase中添加了ls命令验证，确认/nix/store/a76p6qgrxlx0safvxrqx5aknhszvg703-source/node_modules/opentype.js/package.json确实存在

疑问 #

为什么同样的操作在Nix构建过程中失败，但在Nix开发shell中却能成功运行？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MatrixManAtYrService