SpringBoot(Gradle) Web应用终端启动构建失败求助

问题详情 #

执行./gradlew bootRun命令运行SpringBoot Web应用时，构建失败，错误信息如下：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'topic1-1'.
> Could not resolve all artifacts for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.2.5.
     Required by:
         project : > org.springframework.boot:org.springframework.boot.gradle.plugin:3.2.5
      > No matching variant of org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:3.2.5 was found. The consumer was configured to find a library for use during runtime, compatible with Java 11, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '8.7' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 11
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')
          - Variant 'mavenOptionalApiElements' declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 11
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')
          - Variant 'mavenOptionalRuntimeElements' declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 11
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 17 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 11
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.7')

* Try:
> Review the variant matching algorithm in Gradle documentation.
> No matching variant errors are explained in more detail in Gradle documentation.
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.
> Get more help at Gradle help center.

BUILD FAILED in 700ms

环境配置 #

• build.gradle文件：

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.2.5'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.4'
}

group = 'com.example'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'

java {
    sourceCompatibility = '17'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    developmentOnly 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
}

tasks.named('test') {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

• Java版本：

openjdk version "11.0.22" 2024-01-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu222.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu222.04.1, mixed mode, sharing)

解决方案 #

问题本质是Spring Boot 3.2.5要求Java 17及以上版本，但当前运行Gradle的JDK是11，同时build.gradle里配置的sourceCompatibility为17，两者不匹配导致插件无法解析。

提供两种可行解决方式：

方式一：升级本地Java版本到17 #

安装OpenJDK 17或Oracle JDK 17，配置环境变量JAVA_HOME指向JDK 17目录，并确保PATH优先加载该JDK的bin目录。验证安装成功：

java -version

输出显示Java 17版本后，重新执行./gradlew bootRun即可正常构建。

方式二：降级Spring Boot版本到兼容Java 11的版本 #

Spring Boot 3.x系列最低要求Java 17，若不想升级Java，可降级到2.7.x系列（最高2.7.18，支持Java 8-17）。修改build.gradle如下：

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.7.18'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.15.RELEASE'
}

java {
    sourceCompatibility = '11'
}

同步Gradle配置后，重新执行./gradlew bootRun即可构建成功。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者marcelo gallardo