Qt 6.7.1 Android应用启动失败：java.lang.RuntimeException异常求助

问题描述 #

将Qt从6.6版本升级至6.7.1后，所有为Android构建的应用均无法正常运行。即使是Qt内置的sensorsshowcase示例，编译正常但启动后立即卡死，偶尔会在QtCreator输出面板抛出以下错误：

I libc    : SetHeapTaggingLevel: tag level set to 0
I sensorsshowcase: Late-enabling -Xcheck:jni
I sensorsshowcase: Using CollectorTypeCMC GC.
D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 171979766; UID 10270; state: ENABLED
D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 242716250; UID 10270; state: DISABLED
W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.dm': No such file or directory
W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.dm': No such file or directory
D nativeloader: Configuring clns-4 for other apk /data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk. target_sdk_version=31, uses_libraries=, library_path=/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/lib/arm64:/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a, permitted_path=/data:/mnt/expand:/data/user/0/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase
V GraphicsEnvironment: Currently set values for:
V GraphicsEnvironment:   angle_gl_driver_selection_pkgs=[]
V GraphicsEnvironment:   angle_gl_driver_selection_values=[]
V GraphicsEnvironment: Global.Settings values are invalid: number of packages: 0, number of values: 0
V GraphicsEnvironment: Neither updatable production driver nor prerelease driver is supported.
D AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
E AndroidRuntime: Process: org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase, PID: 10826
E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate application org.qtproject.qt.android.bindings.QtApplication package org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "org.qtproject.qt.android.bindings.QtApplication" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/lib/arm64, /data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a, /system/lib64, /system_ext/lib64]]
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplicationInner(LoadedApk.java:1474)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplicationInner(LoadedApk.java:1399)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:7268)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.ActivityThread.-$$Nest$mhandleBindApplication(Unknown Source:0)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2337)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:107)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:232)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:317)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:8501)
E AndroidRuntime:   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
E AndroidRuntime:   at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:552)
E AndroidRuntime:   at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:878)
E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "org.qtproject.qt.android.bindings.QtApplication" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/lib/arm64, /data/app/~~B-syU75y9wcmnJ0UIiDrcg==/org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase-QOuwM3qfB_eTUShCSyjgjw==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a, /system/lib64, /system_ext/lib64]]
E AndroidRuntime:   at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:259)
E AndroidRuntime:   at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
E AndroidRuntime:   at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.AppComponentFactory.instantiateApplication(AppComponentFactory.java:76)
E AndroidRuntime:   at androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory.instantiateApplication(CoreComponentFactory.java:52)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.Instrumentation.newApplication(Instrumentation.java:1345)
E AndroidRuntime:   at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplicationInner(LoadedApk.java:1467)
E AndroidRuntime:   ... 11 more
10:24:13: 

"org.qtproject.example.sensorsshowcase" died.

已尝试操作 #

• 按照QTBUG-119059调整CMake设置
• 按Qt文档配置Android 34相关SDK与NDK：
  • 执行命令：sdkmanager "platform-tools" "platforms;android-34" "build-tools;34.0.0"
  • 执行命令：sdkmanager "ndk;26.1.10909125"
• 测试设备为Pixel 6a，构建目标为arm64-v8a（Windows环境）

可能的错误原因 #

• Qt Android组件未同步更新：升级Qt后，Android相关的Qt库（如QtAndroidBindings）可能未正确安装或更新，导致APK中缺失org.qtproject.qt.android.bindings.QtApplication类对应的Dex文件。需检查Qt Installer中Android组件的安装状态，重新安装Qt 6.7.1的Android模块。
• Qt Creator配置未同步：升级Qt版本后，Qt Creator可能仍沿用旧版本的Android配置。进入工具>选项>设备>Android，确认SDK、NDK路径正确，且Qt版本选择为6.7.1。
• 构建缓存残留：旧版本Qt的构建缓存可能干扰新构建。删除项目的build文件夹，以及Qt Creator的缓存目录（Windows下为%APPDATA%\QtProject\qtcreator），然后重新编译。
• Gradle配置冲突：Qt 6.7可能调整了Gradle默认配置，旧项目的build.gradle或gradle.properties未同步更新。示例项目可删除.gradle文件夹后重构；自定义项目需对比Qt 6.7新创建项目的Gradle配置，修改现有项目的对应文件。
• NDK版本隐性兼容问题：尽管安装了文档指定的NDK版本，仍可能存在Qt 6.7.1与该NDK的隐性兼容问题。尝试切换至Qt 6.7文档推荐的其他NDK版本（如NDK 25c），或确认NDK环境变量配置正确。
• Dex合并失败：编译过程中可能出现Dex合并错误但未在Qt Creator输出中显示。手动查看构建目录下的Gradle日志（路径通常为build\android-build\app\build\outputs\logs），排查是否存在Dex相关错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者lmpall4