如何解决Python 3.11.9的make install编译安装错误？

问题背景 #

在预装Python 3.10.12的Ubuntu 22.04系统中，执行make install安装Python 3.11.9时进程异常终止，目标目录未生成lib文件夹且bin文件夹为空。

执行的命令 #

../configure --prefix=/usr --with-ensurepip=install --enable-optimizations
make -j$(nproc) DESTDIR=/home/user/project/myapp.AppDir install

错误信息 #

错误1（大量类似未定义引用） #

/usr/bin/ld: Python/errors.o: in function `_PyErr_Fetch':
/home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:428: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:428: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call_profiler_v4'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:428: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:428: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'
/usr/bin/ld: Python/errors.o: in function `PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches':
/home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:255: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:255: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call_profiler_v4'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:255: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:255: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'
/usr/bin/ld: Python/errors.o: in function `PyErr_ExceptionMatches':
/home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:294: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:294: undefined reference to `__gcov_indirect_call_profiler_v4'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:294: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug/../Python/errors.c:294: undefined reference to `__gcov_time_profiler_counter'

错误2 #

/usr/bin/ld: warning: creating DT_TEXTREL in a PIE
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:1203: Programs/_freeze_module] Error 1

错误3（进程终止前最后信息） #

# This is an expensive target to build and it does not have proper
# makefile dependency information.  So, we create a "stamp" file
# to record its completion and avoid re-running it.

解决步骤 #

1. 清理残留编译文件 #

彻底清除之前的编译目录和临时文件，避免旧配置干扰：

cd /home/user/project/src/Python-3.11.9/debug
make clean
cd ..
rm -rf debug

2. 安装编译依赖 #

确保系统具备Python编译所需的全部依赖：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python3-openssl git

3. 重新配置编译参数 #

创建新的编译目录，使用调整后的configure命令，禁用gcov避免链接错误，同时指定独立安装目录防止覆盖系统Python：

mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.11 --with-ensurepip=install --enable-optimizations --disable-gcov

4. 分步编译安装 #

先单独执行编译，确认无错误后再执行安装：

# 编译，使用全部CPU核心加速
make -j$(nproc)
# 安装到指定DESTDIR
make DESTDIR=/home/user/project/myapp.AppDir install

说明 #

• --disable-gcov：直接禁用gcov代码覆盖率检测，解决__gcov_*系列未定义引用问题。
• --prefix=/usr/local/python3.11：将Python安装到独立目录，避免与系统预装的Python 3.10冲突。
• 分步执行make和make install：便于单独排查编译或安装阶段的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sun Bear