如何搭配GLFW配置GLEW？遭遇GLEW_ERROR_NO_GLX_DISPLAY错误

我在Ubuntu系统的小项目中自行编译构建了GLFW和GLEW，调用glewInit()时遇到错误，返回Unknown error。经排查，错误根源在glxewInit中，因display == NULL触发GLEW_ERROR_NO_GLX_DISPLAY。但禁用glewInit()后，窗口可正常运行并执行OpenGL基础渲染操作。

相关初始化代码 #

bool WindowGLFW::initialize() {
    // Initialize GLFW
    if (!glfwInit()) {
      std::string msg = std::string("GLFW library could not be initialized \n");
      LOG_ON_MAIN_LOG(MESSAGE_STATUS_BAD(msg));
      return false;
    }

    _width = _glfwParameters.width;
    _height = _glfwParameters.height;
    _ratioNumer = _glfwParameters.width;
    _ratioDenom = _glfwParameters.width;
    _nameWindow = _glfwParameters.width;

    /*set the Windows hint informations*/
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, _glfwParameters.resizable);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_VISIBLE, _glfwParameters.visible);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DECORATED, _glfwParameters.decorated);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FOCUSED, _glfwParameters.focused);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_AUTO_ICONIFY, _glfwParameters.auto_iconify);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FLOATING, _glfwParameters.floating);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_MAXIMIZED, _glfwParameters.maximized);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CENTER_CURSOR, _glfwParameters.center_cursor);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_TRANSPARENT_FRAMEBUFFER, _glfwParameters.transparent_framebuffer);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FOCUS_ON_SHOW, _glfwParameters.focus_on_show);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SCALE_TO_MONITOR, _glfwParameters.scale_to_monitor);

    /*set Framebuffer hint information*/
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RED_BITS, _glfwParameters.red_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_GREEN_BITS, _glfwParameters.green_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_BLUE_BITS, _glfwParameters.blue_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_ALPHA_BITS, _glfwParameters.alpha_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DEPTH_BITS, _glfwParameters.depth_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_ACCUM_RED_BITS, _glfwParameters.accum_red_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_ACCUM_GREEN_BITS, _glfwParameters.accum_green_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_ACCUM_BLUE_BITS, _glfwParameters.accum_blue_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_ACCUM_ALPHA_BITS, _glfwParameters.accum_alpha_bits);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_AUX_BUFFERS, _glfwParameters.aux_buffers);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, _glfwParameters.samples);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SRGB_CAPABLE, _glfwParameters.srgb_capable);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_STENCIL_BITS, _glfwParameters.stencil_bits);

    /*set Monitor hint information*/
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_REFRESH_RATE, _glfwParameters.refresh_rate);

    /*set Context hint information*/
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, _glfwParameters.client_api);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_CREATION_API, _glfwParameters.context_creation_api);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, _glfwParameters.context_version_major);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, _glfwParameters.context_version_minor);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, _glfwParameters.context_forward_compat);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, _glfwParameters.opengl_profile);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_RELEASE_BEHAVIOR, _glfwParameters.context_release_behaviour);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_NO_ERROR, _glfwParameters.context_no_error);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_ROBUSTNESS, _glfwParameters.opengl_robustness);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, _glfwParameters.opengl_debug_context);

    //probably should switch to c++14 to use make_unique...whatever
    _window = std::unique_ptr<GLFWwindow, customGLFWWindowDeletor>( glfwCreateWindow(_width, _height, _nameWindow.c_str(),  glfwGetPrimaryMonitor(), NULL));
    if(!_window.get()) {
      /* think about maybe changing this and the other
       * occurrence of a manager. To have dissociation between
       * managers and actual code (separate manager and current code)
       */
      std::string msg = std::string("window can not be initialized \n");
      LOG_ON_MAIN_LOG(MESSAGE_STATUS_BAD(msg));
      glfwTerminate();
      return false;
    }
    /* Make the window's context current */
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(_window.get());
    std::string msg = std::string("GLFW window was created/initialized ! ");
    LOG_ON_MAIN_LOG(MESSAGE_STATUS_GOOD(msg));

    //Initialize GLEW
    if(_glfwParameters.client_api == GLFW_OPENGL_API) {
      glewExperimental=GL_TRUE;
      GLenum err = glewInit();
      if (err != GLEW_OK) {
        /* Need to convert uc_msg to i32 so uc_msg will be output as ainteger
         * and not a character then string for the MACRO
         */
         std::cout << glewGetErrorString(err) << std::endl;
        std::cout << glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION) << std::endl;
        const unsigned char* uc_msg = glewGetErrorString(err);
        std::string msg = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(uc_msg));
        LOG_ON_MAIN_LOG(MESSAGE_STATUS_BAD(msg));
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
      }
    }


    setCallbacks();

    return true;
  }

禁用GLEW后可正常运行的渲染循环 #

while (!glfwWindowShouldClose( _window->getWindow().get() ) ) {
        /* Render here */
        /* Set the clear color to black (0, 0, 0, 1) using OpenGL */
        glClearColor(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.5f);
        /* Clear the color buffer */
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        /* Swap front and back buffers */
        _window->swapBuffer();

        /* Poll for and process events */
        _window->poolEvents();
    }

GLEW_ERROR_NO_GLX_DISPLAY的核心原因是GLEW无法获取有效的X11显示连接，结合你的场景，可从以下几个方向排查修复：

• 检查GLEW编译依赖
  自行编译GLEW时，可能未正确链接GLX和X11相关库。重新编译时，确保启用GLX支持：

  • 若用CMake，需开启BUILD_GLX选项；
  • 手动编译时，链接阶段添加-lX11 -lGLX参数。

• 验证GLFW上下文配置
  检查_glfwParameters中的上下文参数：

  • 确认GLFW_CLIENT_API确实设置为GLFW_OPENGL_API，而非Vulkan等其他API；
  • 确保GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR和GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR设置为系统支持的OpenGL版本（Ubuntu建议至少3.3）；
  • 若设置GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE，需保证是GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE或GLFW_OPENGL_COMPAT_PROFILE，且与版本匹配。

• 确保X11会话环境正常
  若在无桌面的环境（如SSH远程）运行，需设置DISPLAY=:0环境变量；若在桌面环境，检查窗口管理器是否正常，可尝试在终端直接运行程序，而非IDE中启动。

• 匹配GLEW与GLFW版本
  自行编译的版本可能存在兼容性问题，建议使用稳定版本组合（如GLEW 2.2.0+ + GLFW 3.3+）重新编译两者。

• 修复代码中的明显错误
  初始化代码中_nameWindow = _glfwParameters.width;是将数值赋值给字符串类型的窗口名称，会导致无效窗口名，可能触发GLFW内部异常状态，建议修正为对应窗口名字段（如_nameWindow = _glfwParameters.window_name;）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Benzait Sofiane