Debian服务器遭垃圾邮件攻击求助：疑似通过clamav的SASL账户发送垃圾邮件

各位大佬好，我的邮件服务器已经稳定运行多年，但最近突然被垃圾邮件攻击了，试了各种办法都没能堵上攻击者的漏洞。排查日志发现，这些垃圾邮件的sasl_username居然是clamav，这让我完全摸不着头脑，希望大家能帮忙分析下问题出在哪。

下面是我的Postfix配置信息，以及服务器端口扫描结果：

Postfix main.cf 配置 #

smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
compatibility_level = 2
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.xxx.yyy.zzz/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.xxx.yyy.zzz/privkey.pem
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, !TLSv1, !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, !TLSv1, !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = MD5, DES, ADH, RC4, PSD, SRP, 3DES, eNULL, aNULL
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = MD5, DES, ADH, RC4, PSD, SRP, 3DES, eNULL, aNULL
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
smtp_tls_CApath = /etc/ssl/certs
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_tls_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, !TLSv1, !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1.2, TLSv1.1, !TLSv1, !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = MD5, DES, ADH, RC4, PSD, SRP, 3DES, eNULL, aNULL
smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = MD5, DES, ADH, RC4, PSD, SRP, 3DES, eNULL, aNULL
mydomain = xxx
myhostname = mail.xxx.yyy.zzz
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $mydomain, $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, localhost
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
mynetworks_style = subnet
message_size_limit = 30720000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient = yes
smptd_reject_unlisted_sender = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxx.yyy.zzz
smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sender_login_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-email2email.cf
smtpd_restriction_classes = mua_sender_restrictions, mua_client_restrictions, mua_helo_restrictions
mua_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
mua_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
mua_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_non_fqdn_sender,
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
reject_unverified_sender,
reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname,
reject_unknown_client_hostname,
check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/restrict_senders,
check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_checks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
reject_unauth_pipelining,
reject_non_fqdn_sender,
reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
reject_unauth_destination,
check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_checks,
check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/rbl_override,
reject_invalid_hostname,
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
reject_unlisted_recipient,
reject_unverified_recipient,
check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions =
reject_unlisted_sender,
reject_unauth_destination,
check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_checks
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
smtpd_helo_required = no
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,
reject_invalid_helo_hostname,
reject_unknown_helo_hostname,
check_helo_access hash:/etc/postfix/helo_access,
permit
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks
milter_default_action = accept
smtpd_milters = unix:opendkim/opendkim.sock
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
meta_directory = /etc/postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
command_directory = /usr/sbin
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
mail_owner = postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/lib/postfix/sbin
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
shlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix
disable_vrfy_command = yes
policyd-spf_time_limit = 3600
smtp_destination_recipient_limit = 10
default_destination_recipient_limit = 10
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s

Postfix master.cf 配置 #

smtp      inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd

submission inet n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=no
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
-o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject

smtps     inet  n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
-o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
-o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

pickup    unix  n       -       y       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       y       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       y       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       y       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       y       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       y       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       y       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       y       -       -       smtp
-o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
showq     unix  n       -       y       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       y       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       y       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       y       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       y       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       y       -       1       scache
postlog   unix-dgram n  -       n       -       1       postlogd

maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=DRXhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}

uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)

ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)

bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient

scalemail-backend unix -       n       n       -       2       pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}

mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=FRX user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}

spamassassin unix -     n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=R
user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}

127.0.0.1:10025 inet n   -       y       -       -       smtpd

smtp-amavis   unix   -   -   n   -   2   smtp
-o syslog_name=postfix/amavis
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none

autoresponder unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq user=autoresponse argv=/usr/local/sbin/autoresponse -s ${sender} -r ${recipient} -S ${sasl_username} -C ${client_address}

policyd-spf  unix  -       n       n       -       -       spawn
user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf

Nmap 端口扫描结果 #

nmap -T4 -A -p 25 xxx.yyy.zzz

Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-01-31 11:26
Nmap scan report for xxx.yyy.zzz (xxx.yyy.zzz)
Host is up (0.00012s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
25/tcp open  smtp    Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: mail.xxx.yyy.zzz, PIPELINING, SIZE 30720000, ETRN, STARTTLS, AUTH PLAIN LOGIN, AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN, ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES, 8BITMIME, DSN, SMTPUTF8, CHUNKING,
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=xxx.yyy.zzz
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:mail.xxx.yyy.zzz, DNS:xxx.yyy.zzz
| Not valid before: 2022-12-14T22:36:23
|_Not valid after:  2023-03-14T22:36:22
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.32
OS details: Linux 2.6.32
Network Distance: 0 hops
Service Info: Host:  mail.xxx.yyy.zzz

另外补充一点：之前我开启了HELO验证，但很多服务器包括政府部门的邮件服务器都无法通过验证，所以不得不把HELO限制给关掉了。

真心希望各位能给我一些排查思路或者解决方案，万分感谢！

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者user150182