如何让GitHub Actions矩阵各条目执行不同命令并并行运行？

我在配置GitHub Actions的matrix时遇到问题：触发工作流选择「All Tests」选项时，希望matrix的「UI」条目执行UI Playwright测试命令，「API」条目执行API Playwright测试命令，且两个任务并行运行。但多次尝试后始终只执行第一个命令，请求解决。

三次尝试的问题分析 #

第一次尝试 #

name: Run Automation On Demand

on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      URL:
        description: 'Which url do you want to run this one?'
        required: true
        default: 'xxxx'
      choice:
        type: choice
        description: Which suite do you want to run?
        options:
        - All Tests
        - All UI
        - All API
        - Login

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: macos-latest-xlarge
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: [21.x]
        automation-type: [UI, API]
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
        cache: 'npm'
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: npm ci
    - run: npx playwright install chromium
    - name: If All Tests, Run UI Playwright Tests
      if: ${{ github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' }} && ${{ matrix.automation-type.UI }}
      run: URL=${{ github.event.inputs.URL }} npx playwright test playwright/dashboard --workers=8
    - name: If All Tests, Run API Playwright Tests
      if: ${{ github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' }} && ${{ matrix.automation-type.API }}
      run: npx playwright test playwright/api --workers=20

错误点：matrix.automation-type.UI 语法错误，matrix.automation-type 是字符串变量，不能通过 .UI 来判断值，正确写法是用 == 'UI' 做相等判断。

第二次尝试 #

# 仅展示修改后的步骤部分
    - name: If All Tests, Run UI Playwright Tests
      if: ${{ github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' }} && ${{ matrix.automation-type == 'UI' }}
      run: URL=${{ github.event.inputs.URL }} npx playwright test playwright/dashboard --workers=8
    - name: If All Tests, Run API Playwright Tests
      if: ${{ github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' }} && ${{ matrix.automation-type == 'API' }}
      run: npx playwright test playwright/api --workers=20

错误点：语法本身没问题，但误解了matrix的运行逻辑。matrix会生成两个独立的job实例：一个对应automation-type: UI，另一个对应automation-type: API。在UI实例中，第二个步骤的if条件不满足，只会执行UI测试；在API实例中，第一个步骤的if条件不满足，只会执行API测试。两个实例是并行运行的，但你可能误以为是在同一个job里顺序执行两个命令，所以觉得只执行了第一个。

第三次尝试 #

# 仅展示修改后的步骤部分
    - name: If All Tests, Run All Playwright Tests
      if: ${{ github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' }}
      run: |
        ${{ matrix.automation-type.UI }} URL=${{ github.event.inputs.URL }} npx playwright test playwright/dashboard --workers=8
        ${{ matrix.automation-type.API }} npx playwright test playwright/api --workers=20

错误点：同样犯了语法错误，matrix.automation-type.UI 不是有效的表达式；同时这种写法会在同一个job里尝试执行两个命令，但matrix的每个实例只会对应一个值（UI或API），导致其中一条命令的前置判断失效，最终只执行其中一个。

正确配置方案 #

要实现选择「All Tests」时并行执行UI和API测试，同时支持单独选择「All UI」「All API」「Login」的需求，可通过动态生成matrix参数 + 每个matrix实例执行对应命令来实现：

name: Run Automation On Demand

on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      URL:
        description: '要测试的URL'
        required: true
        default: 'xxxx'
      choice:
        type: choice
        description: 选择要运行的测试套件
        options:
        - All Tests
        - All UI
        - All API
        - Login

jobs:
  run-tests:
    runs-on: macos-latest-xlarge
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: [21.x]
        # 根据输入的choice动态生成automation-type的取值
        automation-type: ${{ 
          github.event.inputs.choice == 'All Tests' && ['UI', 'API'] ||
          github.event.inputs.choice == 'All UI' && ['UI'] ||
          github.event.inputs.choice == 'All API' && ['API'] ||
          ['Login']
        }}
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    - name: 使用 Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
        cache: 'npm'
    - name: 安装依赖
      run: npm ci
    - run: npx playwright install chromium
    # 根据automation-type执行对应测试命令
    - name: 执行UI测试
      if: ${{ matrix.automation-type == 'UI' }}
      run: URL=${{ github.event.inputs.URL }} npx playwright test playwright/dashboard --workers=8
    - name: 执行API测试
      if: ${{ matrix.automation-type == 'API' }}
      run: npx playwright test playwright/api --workers=20
    - name: 执行登录测试
      if: ${{ matrix.automation-type == 'Login' }}
      run: # 替换为你的登录测试命令

配置说明 #

1. 动态matrix：根据用户选择的choice自动生成automation-type的取值数组：
   • 选「All Tests」时，生成['UI', 'API']，启动两个并行的job实例
   • 选「All UI」/「All API」时，只生成对应单个值的数组，启动一个job实例
   • 选「Login」时，生成['Login']，执行登录测试
2. 步骤条件判断：每个步骤根据当前matrix的automation-type值决定是否执行，确保每个job实例只运行对应的测试
3. 并行运行：选择「All Tests」时，UI和API的job实例会自动并行执行，满足需求

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者awhisler