TypeScript开发Teams Bot/消息扩展应用单元测试求助

针对你未使用对话框的Teams Bot/Message Extension，下面是直接测试onMessageActivity和handleTeamsMessagingExtensionFetchTask的具体方案，基于Jest测试框架（TypeScript环境）。

前期准备 #

先安装必要的测试依赖：

npm install --save-dev jest ts-jest @types/jest botbuilder-core botbuilder-testing

在jest.config.js中配置TypeScript支持：

module.exports = {
  preset: 'ts-jest',
  testEnvironment: 'node',
  roots: ['<rootDir>/tests'],
  transform: {
    '^.+\\.tsx?$': 'ts-jest'
  }
};

测试onMessageActivity #

onMessageActivity接收TurnContext参数，核心是构造包含消息活动的上下文，直接调用方法并验证输出。

示例测试代码 #

import { TurnContext, ActivityTypes, TestAdapter } from 'botbuilder';
import { MyTeamsBot } from '../src/bot';

describe('MyTeamsBot - onMessageActivity', () => {
  let bot: MyTeamsBot;
  let adapter: TestAdapter;

  beforeEach(() => {
    bot = new MyTeamsBot();
    adapter = new TestAdapter();
  });

  it('回复问候消息', async () => {
    const testMessage = {
      type: ActivityTypes.Message,
      text: 'Hello',
      from: { id: 'test-user' },
      recipient: { id: 'test-bot' },
      conversation: { id: 'test-conv' }
    };

    const context = new TurnContext(adapter, testMessage);
    await bot.onMessageActivity(context);

    const replies = await adapter.getReplies();
    expect(replies.length).toBe(1);
    expect(replies[0].text).toBe('Hi there! How can I assist you?');
  });

  it('处理特定指令', async () => {
    const testMessage = {
      type: ActivityTypes.Message,
      text: 'get status',
      from: { id: 'test-user' },
      recipient: { id: 'test-bot' },
      conversation: { id: 'test-conv' }
    };

    const context = new TurnContext(adapter, testMessage);
    await bot.onMessageActivity(context);

    const replies = await adapter.getReplies();
    expect(replies[0].text).toContain('Current status: active');
  });
});

测试handleTeamsMessagingExtensionFetchTask #

这个方法处理Message Extension的composeExtension/fetchTask调用，需要构造类型为invoke的活动，指定正确的name字段，然后验证返回的MessagingExtensionResult。

示例测试代码 #

import { TurnContext, ActivityTypes, MessagingExtensionResult } from 'botbuilder';
import { MyTeamsBot } from '../src/bot';

describe('MyTeamsBot - handleTeamsMessagingExtensionFetchTask', () => {
  let bot: MyTeamsBot;
  let adapter: TestAdapter;

  beforeEach(() => {
    bot = new MyTeamsBot();
    adapter = new TestAdapter();
  });

  it('返回包含自适应卡片的任务模块', async () => {
    const invokeActivity = {
      type: ActivityTypes.Invoke,
      name: 'composeExtension/fetchTask',
      from: { id: 'test-user' },
      recipient: { id: 'test-bot' },
      conversation: { id: 'test-conv' },
      value: {
        commandId: 'fetchTaskCommand'
      }
    };

    const context = new TurnContext(adapter, invokeActivity);
    const result = await bot.handleTeamsMessagingExtensionFetchTask(context);

    expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(MessagingExtensionResult);
    expect(result.task).toBeDefined();
    expect(result.task?.type).toBe('adaptiveCard');
    expect(result.task?.value).toHaveProperty('type', 'AdaptiveCard');
    expect(result.task?.value.body).toBeInstanceOf(Array);
  });

  it('处理缺少commandId的情况', async () => {
    const invalidInvokeActivity = {
      type: ActivityTypes.Invoke,
      name: 'composeExtension/fetchTask',
      from: { id: 'test-user' },
      recipient: { id: 'test-bot' },
      conversation: { id: 'test-conv' },
      value: {}
    };

    const context = new TurnContext(adapter, invalidInvokeActivity);
    const result = await bot.handleTeamsMessagingExtensionFetchTask(context);

    expect(result.task?.value.body).toContain('Invalid command');
  });
});

关键注意事项 #

• 模拟外部依赖：如果Bot调用了数据库、API等外部服务，用jest.mock替换这些模块，避免真实调用影响测试：

  jest.mock('../src/services/statusService', () => ({
    getCurrentStatus: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('active')
  }));
  

• 错误场景覆盖：测试无效输入、异常情况（比如服务调用失败），确保Bot能正确处理或返回友好提示。
• 类型安全：利用TypeScript的类型检查，确保构造的Activity、参数符合Bot Framework的类型定义，避免类型错误。
• TestAdapter的使用：TestAdapter会自动捕获Bot发送的回复，无需手动模拟context.sendActivity方法，简化测试逻辑。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者XDeveloper