无法通过apt升级NVIDIA驱动及update-notifier相关包的问题求助

大家好，我最近碰到了一个APT升级的问题，折腾了好一阵没解决，想请教下各位大佬：

问题现象 #

所有可升级的包即使使用apt full-upgrade也被kept back，我找不到任何明显的依赖冲突，用aptitude尝试解决也失败了，而且它没有给出任何具体原因。

以下是apt list --upgradable的输出：

Listing... Done

libnvidia-cfg1-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-compute-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-compute-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 i386 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-decode-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-decode-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 i386 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-encode-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-encode-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 i386 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-extra-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-fbc1-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-fbc1-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 i386 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-gl-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

libnvidia-gl-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 i386 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem/jammy-updates,jammy-security 6.0.0-1010.10+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 6.0.0-1010.10]

linux-modules-nvidia-525-oem-22.04b/jammy-updates,jammy-security 6.0.0-1010.10+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 6.0.0-1010.10]

linux-objects-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem/jammy-updates,jammy-security 6.0.0-1010.10+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 6.0.0-1010.10]

linux-signatures-nvidia-6.0.0-1010-oem/jammy-updates,jammy-security 6.0.0-1010.10+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 6.0.0-1010.10]

nvidia-compute-utils-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

nvidia-driver-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

nvidia-kernel-common-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

nvidia-kernel-source-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

nvidia-utils-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

update-notifier-common/jammy-updates,jammy-updates 3.192.54.3 all [upgradable from: 3.192.54]

update-notifier/jammy-updates 3.192.54.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.192.54]

xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-525/jammy-updates,jammy-security 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1]

调试过程与发现 #

我启用debug标志运行升级命令后，发现nvidia-dkms-525没有安装，但即使加上--with-new-pkgs参数，包依然被保留。

以下是apt -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --with-new-pkgs upgrade的输出：

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

Entering ResolveByKeep 10%

Dependencies are not satisfied for nvidia-driver-525:amd64 < 525.60.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 | 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 @ii pumH Ib >

Package nvidia-driver-525:amd64 nvidia-driver-525:amd64 Depends on nvidia-dkms-525:amd64 < none | 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 @un umH > (<= 525.60.11-1)

Keeping Package linux-modules-nvidia-525-oem-22.04b:amd64 due to Depends

Dependencies are not satisfied for linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 -> 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umU Ib >

Keeping package linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64

Dependencies are not satisfied for linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 | 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umH Ib >

Package linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 Depends on linux-signatures-nvidia-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 -> 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umU > (= 6.0.0-1010.10)

Keeping Package linux-signatures-nvidia-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 due to Depends

Dependencies are not satisfied for linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 | 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umH Ib >

Dependencies are not satisfied for linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 | 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umH Ib >

Dependencies are not satisfied for linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 | 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umH Ib >

Package linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 Depends on linux-objects-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 < 6.0.0-1010.10 -> 6.0.0-1010.10+1 @ii umU > (= 6.0.0-1010.10)

Keeping Package linux-objects-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1010-oem:amd64 due to Depends

Calculating upgrade... Done

之后我尝试sudo apt reinstall nvidia-driver-525，居然成功了，而且它自动移除了旧内核包linux-modules-nvidia-525-6.0.0-1009-oem——这个包本来就是自动安装的。我就很疑惑：为什么full-upgrade不能自动处理这种冲突，主动移除旧包呢？另外，有没有办法提前避免这类问题？

当前遗留问题 #

现在NVIDIA相关的包都升级好了，但还有两个包依然无法升级，而且看起来完全没有冲突：

以下是apt -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes full-upgrade的输出：

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree... Done

Reading state information... Done

Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0

Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0

Done

Calculating upgrade... Done

#

# News about significant security updates, features and services will

# appear here to raise awareness and perhaps tease /r/Linux ;)

# Use 'pro config set apt_news=false' to hide this and future APT news.

#

The following packages have been kept back:

update-notifier update-notifier-common

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.

有没有大佬能帮忙解释下这两个问题：

1. 为什么full-upgrade不能自动处理NVIDIA驱动升级时的旧内核包冲突，需要手动reinstall？
2. 为什么update-notifier和update-notifier-common明明没有冲突却被kept back？

另外，日常使用中怎么提前预防这类APT升级异常呢？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Wang