Windows 11系统下fbprophet安装失败问题求助

在Windows 11系统中通过命令提示符安装fbprophet（用于建筑场地天气模拟模型，优化施工规划、缓解季风对施工的影响）时，持续报错。安装过程中pip解析pystan依赖时出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'错误，完整终端报错信息如下：

C:\Users\user2>pip install fbprophet
Collecting fbprophet
  Using cached fbprophet-0.7.1.tar.gz (64 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: Cython>=0.22 in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from fbprophet) (3.0.10)
Collecting cmdstanpy==0.9.5 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached cmdstanpy-0.9.5-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.9 kB)
Collecting pystan>=2.14 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached pystan-3.9.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.15.4 in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from fbprophet) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=1.0.4 in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from fbprophet) (2.2.2)
Collecting matplotlib>=2.0.0 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached matplotlib-3.9.0-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (11 kB)
Collecting LunarCalendar>=0.0.9 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached LunarCalendar-0.0.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.3 kB)
Collecting convertdate>=2.1.2 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached convertdate-2.4.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.3 kB)
Collecting holidays>=0.10.2 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached holidays-0.49-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (23 kB)
Collecting setuptools-git>=1.2 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached setuptools_git-1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.8 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.0 in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from fbprophet) (2.9.0.post0)
Collecting tqdm>=4.36.1 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached tqdm-4.66.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (57 kB)
Collecting pymeeus<=1,>=0.3.13 (from convertdate>=2.1.2->fbprophet)
  Using cached PyMeeus-0.5.12.tar.gz (5.8 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting ephem>=3.7.5.3 (from LunarCalendar>=0.0.9->fbprophet)
  Using cached ephem-4.1.5-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (6.1 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from LunarCalendar>=0.0.9->fbprophet) (2024.1)
Collecting contourpy>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached contourpy-1.2.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (5.8 kB)
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached cycler-0.12.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.8 kB)
Collecting fonttools>=4.22.0 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached fonttools-4.52.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (164 kB)
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.3.1 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached kiwisolver-1.4.5-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (6.5 kB)
Collecting packaging>=20.0 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached packaging-24.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.2 kB)
Collecting pillow>=8 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached pillow-10.3.0-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (9.4 kB)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.3.1 (from matplotlib>=2.0.0->fbprophet)
  Using cached pyparsing-3.1.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.1 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in c:\users\user2\appdata\local\programs\python\python312\lib\site-packages (from pandas>=1.0.4->fbprophet) (2024.1)
Collecting aiohttp<4.0,>=3.6 (from pystan>=2.14->fbprophet)
  Using cached aiohttp-3.9.5-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (7.7 kB)
Collecting clikit<0.7,>=0.6 (from pystan>=2.14->fbprophet)
  Using cached clikit-0.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.6 kB)
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pystan to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
Collecting pystan>=2.14 (from fbprophet)
  Using cached pystan-3.9.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.8.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.8 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.7.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.6.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.4.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
INFO: pip is still looking at multiple versions of pystan to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
  Using cached pystan-3.2.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.1.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.0.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
  Using cached pystan-3.0.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
  Using cached pystan-3.0.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.6 kB)
  Using cached pystan-2.19.1.1.tar.gz (16.2 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [20 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-941ls65v\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-941ls65v\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-941ls65v\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 487, in run_setup
          super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "C:\Users\user2\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-941ls65v\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 122, in <module>
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

核心原因 #

• Python 3.12与fbprophet 0.7.1依赖的pystan 2.x版本不兼容，旧版pystan无法在Python 3.12环境下正常构建。
• 虽然系统已安装Cython，但pip在构建pystan临时环境时无法调用到已安装的Cython版本。

解决步骤 #

方法1：降级Python版本（最稳妥） #

fbprophet 0.7.1仅支持Python 3.6~3.11，建议降级到Python 3.9或3.10版本，之后直接执行pip install fbprophet即可完成安装。

方法2：手动指定依赖版本安装 #

如果不想降级Python，按以下顺序执行命令：

pip install cython==0.29.36
pip install pystan==2.19.1.1
pip install fbprophet==0.7.1

先安装与pystan 2.x兼容的旧版Cython，再安装指定版本的pystan，最后安装fbprophet，避免pip自动选择不兼容的版本组合。

方法3：使用conda安装（依赖自动处理） #

如果你的系统有conda环境，执行以下命令可自动解决依赖问题：

conda install -c conda-forge fbprophet

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anonymous