Node版本不兼容致NPM无法安装依赖，NVM切换后问题未解决求助

我有一个React项目，安装任何包时都会出现Node.js版本不兼容的警告，执行命令sudo npm i --save @fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core时输出如下错误：

sudo npm i --save @fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core
npm WARN cli npm v10.2.5 does not support Node.js v19.3.0. This version of npm supports the following node versions: `^18.17.0 || >=20.5.0`. You can find the latest version at https://nodejs.org/.
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/parser@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/type-utils@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/types@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/utils@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys@7.10.0',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.18.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }
npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: 'vite@5.2.11',
npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '^18.0.0 || >=20.0.0' },
npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v19.3.0', npm: '10.2.5' }
npm WARN EBADENGINE }

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found 0 vulnerabilities

尝试用nvm切换版本，执行nvm ls输出如下：

v18.17.0
->     v18.18.0
         system
default -> lts/* (-> N/A)
iojs -> N/A (default)
unstable -> N/A (default)
node -> stable (-> v18.18.0) (default)
stable -> 18.18 (-> v18.18.0) (default)
lts/* -> lts/iron (-> N/A)
lts/argon -> v4.9.1 (-> N/A)
lts/boron -> v6.17.1 (-> N/A)
lts/carbon -> v8.17.0 (-> N/A)
lts/dubnium -> v10.24.1 (-> N/A)
lts/erbium -> v12.22.12 (-> N/A)
lts/fermium -> v14.21.3 (-> N/A)
lts/gallium -> v16.20.2 (-> N/A)
lts/hydrogen -> v18.20.3 (-> N/A)
lts/iron -> v20.14.0 (-> N/A)

已经移除了之前安装的v21.4.0和v20.10.0版本，但npm还是提示版本不兼容。项目的package.json内容如下：

{
  "name": "controls",
  "private": true,
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "tsc && vite",
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "tsc && vite build",
    "lint": "eslint . --ext ts,tsx --report-unused-disable-directives --max-warnings 0",
    "preview": "vite preview"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core": "^6.5.2",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/react": "^18.3.3",
    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^7.2.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^7.2.0",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.5.0",
    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.19",
    "eslint": "^8.57.0",
    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^4.6.0",
    "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.4.6",
    "postcss": "^8.4.38",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.4.3",
    "typescript": "^5.2.2",
    "vite": "^5.2.0"
  }
}

1. 不要用sudo执行npm命令 #

你用sudo执行npm时，会跳过nvm的环境隔离，直接调用系统级的Node版本（v19.3.0）。直接执行以下命令即可：

npm i --save @fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core

2. 确认nvm切换的版本在当前终端生效 #

先检查当前终端的Node版本：

node -v

如果输出不是v18.18.0，重新执行切换命令并验证：

nvm use 18.18.0
node -v

3. 设置默认Node版本 #

避免每次打开终端都手动切换，设置v18.18.0为默认版本：

nvm alias default 18.18.0

重启终端后，执行node -v确认版本是否正确。

4. 清理缓存并重新安装依赖 #

如果版本切换正确但仍有警告，清理缓存并重装依赖：

npm cache clean --force
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
npm install

5. 升级到更稳定的LTS版本 #

从nvm输出看，v18的最新LTS是v18.20.3，v20的是v20.14.0，安装并切换到这些版本：

# 安装并使用v18最新LTS
nvm install lts/hydrogen
nvm use lts/hydrogen

# 或者安装并使用v20最新LTS
nvm install lts/iron
nvm use lts/iron

6. 临时忽略引擎检查（不推荐） #

如果上述方法无效，可临时跳过引擎检查，但可能引发兼容性问题：

npm i --save @fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core --force

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Simple Fellow