使用adjustText优化分类Y轴图表标签间距的问题求助

架构老林

2026-6-23

问题

使用adjustText为分类Y轴图表的每条水平线添加对应列标签时，底部最后一条线的标签与线条距离过近，无法像顶部线条那样保持合理间距，尝试adjustText多数参数仍未解决。

原数据集代码

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from adjustText import adjust_text

df = pd.DataFrame([['Trip: 450121805 - Batched_with: 450115425',
  '2024-01-17 12:22:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:27:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:46.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450115425 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 11:57:32.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:02:31.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:14:53.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:25.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:48:54.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450115515 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 11:57:58.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:02:58.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:10.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:41.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:49:06.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450121805 - Batched_with: 450118017',
  '2024-01-17 12:22:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:27:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:46.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450118017 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 12:08:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:13:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:28:09.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:28:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:52:29.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450119629 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:07.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:20:07.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:38:06.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:38:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:55:45.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000']])
df.set_index(0, inplace=True)
df.columns = ['created_in_time_1', 'created_in_time_2', 'created_in_time_3', 'created_in_time_4', 'created_in_time_5', 'created_in_time_6', 'created_in_time_7']

原绘图代码

times_ = ['created_in_time_1', 'created_in_time_2', 'created_in_time_3', 'created_in_time_4', 'created_in_time_5', 'created_in_time_6', 'created_in_time_7']
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(30, 15), sharex = True, sharey = True)
for t in times_:
    df[t] = pd.to_datetime(df[t])
for i, row in df.iterrows():
    ax.plot([row['created_in_time_1'], row['created_in_time_2'],
             row['created_in_time_3'], row['created_in_time_4'],
             row['created_in_time_5'], row['created_in_time_6'], row['created_in_time_7']],
            [i, i, i, i, i, i, i],
             '-X',
            label=i,
            linewidth=2.0)
    texts = [ax.text(row[j], i, '%s' %times_[n], ha='center', va='center') for n, j in enumerate(times_)]
    adjust_text(texts, expand=(5, 5),
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red'))

解决方案

问题核心是每行单独调用adjustText无法全局优化布局，且底部行文本没有足够向下扩展空间。以下是修复后的完整代码：

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from adjustText import adjust_text

# 数据集部分
df = pd.DataFrame([['Trip: 450121805 - Batched_with: 450115425',
  '2024-01-17 12:22:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:27:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:46.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450115425 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 11:57:32.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:02:31.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:14:53.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:25.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:48:54.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450115515 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 11:57:58.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:02:58.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:10.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:41.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:49:06.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450121805 - Batched_with: 450118017',
  '2024-01-17 12:22:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:27:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:14.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:46.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450118017 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 12:08:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:13:51.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:28:09.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:28:52.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:52:29.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000'],
 ['Trip: 450119629 - Batched_with: 450121805',
  '2024-01-17 12:15:07.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:20:07.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:38:06.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:38:26.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:47:15.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:55:45.000',
  '2024-01-17 12:59:26.000']])
df.set_index(0, inplace=True)
df.columns = ['created_in_time_1', 'created_in_time_2', 'created_in_time_3', 'created_in_time_4', 'created_in_time_5', 'created_in_time_6', 'created_in_time_7']

# 绘图部分
times_ = ['created_in_time_1', 'created_in_time_2', 'created_in_time_3', 'created_in_time_4', 'created_in_time_5', 'created_in_time_6', 'created_in_time_7']
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(30, 15), sharex=True, sharey=True)

# 转换时间格式
for t in times_:
    df[t] = pd.to_datetime(df[t])

# 全局收集所有文本对象
all_texts = []

for i, row in df.iterrows():
    # 绘制水平线
    ax.plot([row['created_in_time_1'], row['created_in_time_2'],
             row['created_in_time_3'], row['created_in_time_4'],
             row['created_in_time_5'], row['created_in_time_6'], row['created_in_time_7']],
            [i, i, i, i, i, i, i],
             '-X',
            label=i,
            linewidth=2.0)
    # 添加文本时设置初始偏移，避免和线条重叠
    for n, j in enumerate(times_):
        text = ax.text(row[j], i, f'{times_[n]}', ha='center', va='bottom')
        all_texts.append(text)

# 统一调整所有文本，全局优化布局
adjust_text(all_texts,
            expand=(1.5, 3),  # 增加垂直方向扩展空间
            autoalign='y',  # 自动垂直对齐
            only_move={'points':'y', 'text':'y'},  # 仅允许垂直方向移动
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='red'))

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

关键修改点

全局收集文本：将所有文本对象存入all_texts列表，最后统一调用adjust_text，让算法全局优化布局
初始偏移设置：文本初始设置va='bottom'，默认在线条上方，避免初始重叠
参数调整：
- expand参数增加垂直方向比例，给底部文本足够调整空间
- only_move限制文本仅垂直移动，避免干扰时间轴可读性
- autoalign='y'让文本自动在垂直方向对齐，保持布局整洁

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者aligh

使用adjustText优化分类Y轴图表标签间距的问题求助

原数据集代码 #

原绘图代码 #

关键修改点 #

原数据集代码

原绘图代码

关键修改点