基于JDK 8的遗留项目集成Azure Java SDK时出现运行时错误

我们在基于JDK 8的遗留项目中集成Azure Service Bus Java SDK，项目编译正常，但运行时抛出如下错误：

'com/azure/spring/cloud/autoconfigure/implementation/context/AzureGlobalConfigurationEnvironmentPostProcessor has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 61.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0'

我们清楚升级JDK版本是推荐方案，但没有权限升级该遗留项目的JDK，本地尝试升级时也出现大量编译问题。我们尝试在pom.xml中寻找兼容JDK 8的Azure依赖版本，创建独立测试项目后，指向JDK 17时运行正常，但切换到JDK 8时出现相同错误。Azure Java SDK文档显示支持JDK 8及以上版本，但实际无法正常运行。

以下是项目的POM文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.intellidealer</groupId>
    <artifactId>versapay-mobiuso</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>versapay-mobiuso</name>
    <description>Java Intellidealer App</description>
    <properties>

        <spring-cloud-azure.version>5.5.0</spring-cloud-azure.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-service</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.azure.resourcemanager</groupId>
      <artifactId>azure-resourcemanager-servicebus</artifactId>
      <version>2.36.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-autoconfigure</artifactId>
      <version>5.5.0</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.azure.spring/spring-cloud-azure-starter-integration-servicebus -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-starter-integration-servicebus</artifactId>
      <version>5.10.0</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    <!--    <dependency>-->
<!--      <groupId>com.azure.resourcemanager</groupId>-->
<!--      <artifactId>azure-resourcemanager</artifactId>-->
<!--      <version>2.36.0</version>-->
<!--    </dependency>-->
  </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-azure.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <release>8</release>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

核心原因 #

Spring Cloud Azure 5.x系列的部分版本（包括你使用的5.5.0）内部依赖的实现类实际基于JDK 17编译，尽管文档标注支持JDK 8，但这些类使用了JDK 17专属特性，导致在JDK 8环境无法加载。

具体修复步骤 #

1. 降级到兼容JDK 8的Spring Cloud Azure分支
   Spring Cloud Azure 4.x系列是完全适配JDK 8的稳定分支，且兼容你的Spring Boot 2.6.x版本。修改pom.xml中的版本配置：

   <properties>
       <spring-cloud-azure.version>4.14.0</spring-cloud-azure.version>
   </properties>
   

   同时将spring-cloud-azure-starter-integration-servicebus的版本同步改为4.14.0，避免版本冲突：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-starter-integration-servicebus</artifactId>
       <version>4.14.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 移除冗余依赖
   spring-cloud-azure-service和spring-cloud-azure-autoconfigure已被spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus自动引入，重复声明可能引发冲突，建议删除这两个依赖。

3. 调整Azure资源管理器依赖
   azure-resourcemanager-servicebus 2.36.0版本要求JDK 11+：

   • 若仅需收发消息，可直接移除该依赖；
   • 若必须保留，需降级到兼容JDK 8的版本（如2.13.0）。

验证修改 #

执行mvn clean install重新编译，在JDK 8环境启动项目，确认报错消失且Service Bus功能正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pavitar