使用Maturin开发Python-Rust扩展时遇LNK1181：无法打开python3.11.lib

我按照Maturin用户指南的步骤操作，文件及内容和教程完全一致。但激活虚拟环境后执行maturin develop命令时，出现如下错误：

Found pyo3 bindings
🐍 Found CPython 3.11 at D:\Studia\Studia\Informatyka\7 semestr\ZPR\PYTHON_RUST\guessing-game\.venv\bin\python.exe
📡 Using build options features from pyproject.toml
   Compiling pyo3-build-config v0.21.2
   Compiling pyo3-macros-backend v0.21.2
   Compiling pyo3-ffi v0.21.2
   Compiling pyo3 v0.21.2
   Compiling pyo3-macros v0.21.2
   Compiling guessing-game v0.1.0 (D:\Studia\Studia\Informatyka\7 semestr\ZPR\PYTHON_RUST\guessing-game)
error: linking with `link.exe` failed: exit code: 1181

  note: LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'python3.11.lib'


error: could not compile `guessing-game` (lib) due to 1 previous error
💥 maturin failed

我已经将以下路径添加到环境变量PATH中：

C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\libs\
C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\
C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Scripts\

且python3.lib确实存在于C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\libs\目录下。

Cargo.toml 配置 #

[package]
name = "guessing-game"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[lib]
name = "guessing_game"
crate-type = ["cdylib"]

[dependencies]
rand = "0.8.4"

[dependencies.pyo3]
version = "0.21.2"

pyproject.toml 配置 #

[build-system]
requires = ["maturin>=1.0,<2.0"]
build-backend = "maturin"

[tool.maturin]
# "extension-module" tells pyo3 we want to build an extension module (skips linking against libpython.so)
features = ["pyo3/extension-module"]

• 复制并重命名Python库文件
  链接器需要的是python3.11.lib，但你的Python目录里只有python3.lib。直接在C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\libs\下复制python3.lib，重命名为python3.11.lib，然后重新执行maturin develop。

• 修复Python安装
  如果上述方法没用，可能是安装Python时没勾选调试相关组件。卸载Python后重新安装，确保勾选“Download debugging symbols”和“Download debug binaries”选项，让安装程序生成对应版本号的lib文件。

• 显式设置链接器库路径
  在执行maturin develop前，先在终端设置LIB环境变量：

  set LIB=C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\libs;%LIB%
  

  然后在同一终端运行构建命令。

• 验证虚拟环境版本匹配
  确认虚拟环境使用的Python 3.11和系统安装的Python版本完全一致，版本不匹配也会导致链接失败。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者wojtek5739g