基于Ubuntu 22.04的Dockerfile安装numpy失败求助

问题背景 #

在基于Ubuntu 22.04构建Docker镜像过程中，安装numpy==1.18.1时持续触发编译错误，尝试多种常规方案后仍无法解决。

原Dockerfile内容 #

FROM ubuntu:22.04

# ENV PATH="/scripts:${PATH}"

COPY ./requirements.txt /requirements.txt
WORKDIR /
RUN apt-get update && \
  apt-get install -y software-properties-common && add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y wget tar python3.7 python3.7-dev libc-dev gcc make python3-pip build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev libpq-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev zlib1g-dev redis-server
RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
RUN apt install -y ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ta-lib/ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz && tar -xzvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz
WORKDIR /ta-lib
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install setuptools==65.5.0
RUN pip install cython==0.29.37
RUN pip install importlib-metadata==4.13.0
RUN pip install numpy==1.18.1

报错信息（末尾部分） #

119.5       error: Command "x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -fPIC -DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/umath -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/usr/include/python3.10 -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/common -Ibuild/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/npymath -c build/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/multiarray/scalartypes.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/build/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/multiarray/scalartypes.o -MMD -MF build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-310/build/src.linux-x86_64-3.10/numpy/core/src/multiarray/scalartypes.o.d -std=c99" failed with exit status 1
119.5       [end of output]
119.5   
119.5   note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
119.5   ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
119.5 Failed to build numpy
119.5 ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

解决步骤及修改后的Dockerfile #

核心问题分析 #

报错中显示编译器使用Python3.10的头文件，但Dockerfile中安装的是Python3.7，说明pip默认关联了系统自带的Python3.10，版本不匹配触发编译失败；同时旧版本Numpy在Ubuntu22.04的高版本gcc下需要兼容编译参数。

修改方案 #

1. 替换python3-pip为python3.7-pip，确保pip与目标Python版本一致
2. 所有pip命令改用pip3.7执行
3. 添加环境变量禁用gcc的严格安全编译选项，适配旧版本Numpy的编译逻辑
4. 合并冗余的RUN指令，优化镜像构建效率

修改后的Dockerfile #

FROM ubuntu:22.04

COPY ./requirements.txt /requirements.txt
WORKDIR /

# 安装依赖并配置Python3.7
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
    add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget tar python3.7 python3.7-dev python3.7-pip libc-dev gcc make build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev libpq-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev zlib1g-dev redis-server && \
    # 安装Chrome
    wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb && \
    apt install -y ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb && \
    # 安装TA-Lib
    wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ta-lib/ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz && \
    tar -xzvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz && \
    cd /ta-lib && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install && \
    # 清理临时文件
    cd / && rm -rf ta-lib ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

# 设置编译兼容环境变量
ENV CFLAGS="-Wno-error=format-security"

# 使用Python3.7的pip安装依赖
RUN pip3.7 install --upgrade pip && \
    pip3.7 install setuptools==65.5.0 cython==0.29.37 importlib-metadata==4.13.0 numpy==1.18.1

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mohit Sharma