Rails本地服务器启动报错：sqlite3 gem版本冲突问题求助

环境信息 #

• Ruby版本：3.2.0
• Rails版本：7.1.3.4
• 已安装sqlite3 gem版本：2.0.2
• 错误提示要求版本：sqlite3 ~>1.4

错误现象 #

执行启动命令 rails s 后出现版本冲突错误，核心错误信息：

ERROR LoadError: Error loading the 'sqlite3' Active Record adapter. Missing a gem it depends on? can't activate sqlite3 (~> 1.4), already activated sqlite3-2.0.2-x86_64-linux-gnu. Make sure all dependencies are added to Gemfile.

完整错误日志：

rails s
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 7.1.3.4 application starting in development http://localhost:3000
=> Run `bin/rails server --help` for more startup options
[2024-06-05 14:04:59] INFO  WEBrick 1.8.1
[2024-06-05 14:04:59] INFO  ruby 3.2.0 (2022-12-25) [x86_64-linux]
[2024-06-05 14:04:59] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=380133 port=3000
127.0.0.1 - - [05/Jun/2024:14:05:02 -03] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 0
- -> /
[2024-06-05 14:05:02] ERROR LoadError: Error loading the 'sqlite3' Active Record adapter. Missing a gem it depends on? can't activate sqlite3 (~> 1.4), already activated sqlite3-2.0.2-x86_64-linux-gnu. Make sure all dependencies are added to Gemfile.
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:237:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:14:in `<top (required)>'
        <internal:/home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:37:in `require'
        <internal:/home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:37:in `require'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.6.15/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:34:in `require'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_handler.rb:333:in `resolve_pool_config'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_handler.rb:134:in `establish_connection'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:53:in `establish_connection'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:304:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:97:in `class_eval'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:97:in `block in execute_hook'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:87:in `with_execution_control'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:92:in `execute_hook'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:78:in `block in run_load_hooks'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:77:in `each'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:77:in `run_load_hooks'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:338:in `<module:ActiveRecord>'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:15:in `<top (required)>'
        <internal:/home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:37:in `require'
        <internal:/home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:37:in `require'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.6.15/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:34:in `require'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.1.3.4/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:29:in `run'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:29:in `before'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:426:in `block in make_lambda'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:202:in `block (2 levels) in halting'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:707:in `block (2 levels) in default_terminator'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:706:in `catch'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:706:in `block in default_terminator'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:203:in `block in halting'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:598:in `block in invoke_before'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:598:in `each'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:598:in `invoke_before'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:109:in `run_callbacks'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:129:in `run'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:125:in `run!'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:78:in `block in run!'
        <internal:kernel>:90:in `tap'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.1.3.4/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:75:in `run!'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionpack-7.1.3.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionpack-7.1.3.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:25:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/bundler/gems/rack-8d7c029ed113/lib/rack/sendfile.rb:114:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionpack-7.1.3.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:141:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/railties-7.1.3.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:536:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/rack-cors-2.0.2/lib/rack/cors.rb:102:in `call'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/rackup-2.1.0/lib/rackup/handler/webrick.rb:111:in `service'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/webrick-1.8.1/lib/webrick/httpserver.rb:140:in `service'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/webrick-1.8.1/lib/webrick/httpserver.rb:96:in `run'
        /home/elton/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/webrick-1.8.1/lib/webrick/server.rb:310:in `block in start_thread'

当前Gemfile配置 #

Gemfile中指定了sqlite3版本为~> 2.0, >= 2.0.2，但仍报错：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

ruby '3.2.0'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 7.1'


gem 'rack-cors'


gem 'mailgun-ruby', '~>1.2.5'

gem 'rack-timeout'

gem 'bcrypt', '3.1.12'



group :development, :test do
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'colorize'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
  gem 'bundler-audit'
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
  # Display performance information such as SQL time and flame graphs for each request in your browser.
  # Can be configured to work on production as well see: https://github.com/MiniProfiler/rack-mini-profiler/blob/master/README.md
  gem 'listen', '~> 3.3'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data'

gem "importmap-rails", "~> 1.1"

gem "hotwire-rails", "~> 0.1.3"
gem "tailwindcss-rails", "~> 2.6"
gem 'rack', git: 'https://github.com/rack/rack'

gem "rackup", "~> 2.1" 

# Use Puma as the app server
gem "passenger", "~> 6.0"

gem "recaptcha", "~> 5.16"

gem 'sqlite3', '~> 2.0', '>= 2.0.2'

解决步骤 #

问题根源是Rails 7.1.3.4的Active Record适配器依赖sqlite3 ~>1.4版本，当前安装的2.0.2版本与之不兼容。按以下步骤统一版本：

1. 修改Gemfile中的sqlite3版本
   将Gemfile里的sqlite3行替换为适配Rails 7.1的版本：

gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.4'

2. 执行bundle安装命令
   在终端运行：

bundle install

该命令会安装指定的1.4系列版本，并更新Gemfile.lock文件。

3. 清理旧版本gem（可选）
   如果仍存在版本冲突，可手动卸载旧版本：

gem uninstall sqlite3 -v 2.0.2

4. 重启服务器
   重新启动Rails服务器：

rails s

通过以上操作，即可确保使用单一的、符合Rails要求的sqlite3版本，解决启动报错问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Elton Galeti